A tower made of precipitates such as travertine or siliceous oxide that form at the outlet of a hot spring. There is a small hole at the top of the tower from which the hot spring gushes out. The height of the tower ranges from a few centimeters to several meters in larger ones. When hot springs rich in calcium bicarbonate gush out to the surface, the dissolved calcium carbonate precipitates as the partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas (CO2 ) drops, forming a travertine-type fountain tower. When high-temperature hot spring water gushes out to the surface and the temperature drops, the dissolved silicic acid precipitates as siliceous oxide, forming a siliceous oxide-type fountain tower. In Japan, impressive travertine-type fountain towers can be seen at Iwama Onsen in Ishikawa Prefecture, Geto Onsen in Iwate Prefecture, and Oku-Kinu Onsen Yuzawa in Tochigi Prefecture. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
温泉噴出口に生じた石灰華,あるいはケイ華などの沈殿物よりなる塔。塔の先端に温泉が噴出する小孔がある。数cmから大きいものでは数mの高さに達する。カルシウム炭酸水素塩に富む温泉が地表に湧出し,炭酸ガスCO2の分圧の低下によって,溶存していた炭酸カルシウムが沈殿し石灰華型噴泉塔を生ずる。また,高温泉が地表に湧出し低温になると溶存していたケイ酸がケイ華として沈殿し,ケイ華型の噴泉塔が形成される。日本では石川県岩間温泉,岩手県夏油(げとう)温泉,栃木県奥鬼怒(きぬ)温泉湯沢などで立派な石灰華型噴泉塔を見ることができる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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