It refers to a large oasis in the western edge of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China, and the county-level city that is its center. The county-level city is administratively written as Kashi City, and is the seat of the Kashgar District government office. The permanent population is 410,381 (2012). The Southern Xinjiang Line (Turfan-Kashgar) runs through the city, and Kashgar Airport is located about 9 kilometers north of the city center. Around the Tarim Basin, where the Taklamakan Desert spreads, numerous oasis cities have developed since ancient times, supported by irrigation agriculture using meltwater from the Tianshan, Pamir, and Kunlun mountain ranges, and supported the Silk Road. Among them, Kashgar has prospered since ancient times as a key location on the east-west trade route that crosses the Tianshan Mountains and leads to Western Turkestan and the Kazakh steppe, and even today it is the largest agricultural product collection area in southern Xinjiang, making it the political and economic center of the Kashgaria region. It is for this reason that the oasis region around the Tarim Basin has been called Kashgaria. [Yasushi Sanada, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018] historyDuring the Han dynasty, it was known as the Soroku state, and was inhabited by Iranian peoples, but from the 9th century onwards, Turkic peoples migrated there, Islam began to spread in the 10th century, and a Turkic-Islamic society was established from the 15th century onwards. Kashgaria was constantly ruled by Chinese, North Asian and West Asian peoples, but in the 17th and 18th centuries, the Khoja family, an Islamic religious aristocrat family of the Kashgar Khanate, ruled Kashgar with Kashgar as its capital, based on the oasis economy. After that, it was conquered by the Qing dynasty and incorporated into the westernmost part of Chinese territory, where it remains to this day. The majority of the inhabitants are Muslim Turkic Uighurs, and traditional Islamic culture continues to live on to this day. [Yasushi Sanada January 19, 2018] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、新疆(しんきょう)ウイグル自治区西端にある一大オアシス、およびその中心となる県級市をさす。県級市は行政上では喀什(カーシー)市と記され、カシュガル地区の公署所在地である。常住人口41万0381(2012)。南疆線(トゥルファン―カシュガル)が通じ、市中心部から北約9キロメートルにはカシュガル空港がある。 タクラマカン(タクリマカン)砂漠が広がるタリム盆地の四周には、天山(てんざん)、パミール、崑崙(こんろん)山系からの融雪河川による灌漑(かんがい)農耕に支えられたいくつものオアシス都市が古くから発達し、シルク・ロードを支えていた。なかでもカシュガルは、天山を越え西トルキスタン、カザフ草原へ通じる東西通商路上の要衝として古くから繁栄し、現在でも南新疆最大の農産物集積地であるなど、カシュガリア地方における政治的・経済的中心地となってきた。タリム盆地四周のオアシス地帯一帯がカシュガリアと称されてきたのはこのためである。 [真田 安・編集部 2018年1月19日] 歴史漢代には疎勒(疏勒)(そろく)国として知られ、イラン系の民族が住んでいたが、9世紀以降トルコ系の民族が移り住み、10世紀にはイスラム教が浸透し始め、15世紀以降トルコ・イスラム社会が成立した。カシュガリアは絶えず中国、北アジア、西アジアの民族に支配されてきたが、17~18世紀にはカシュガル・ハン国のイスラム宗教貴族ホージャ家がオアシス経済を基盤に、カシュガルを首都にしてカシュガリアを支配した。その後、清(しん)の征服により中国領の最西端に組み込まれて現在に至っている。住民の大多数はイスラム教徒のトルコ系ウイグルであり、現在でも伝統的なイスラム文化が生き続けている。 [真田 安 2018年1月19日] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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