Dong-chang; Tung-chang

Japanese: 東廠 - とうしょう（英語表記）Dong-chang; Tung-ch`ang

An intelligence agency under the direct control of the Ming Dynasty Emperor. It was established in 1420, north of Dong'anmen in Beijing, and its chief was a eunuch. Along with the Jinyiwei during the reign of Emperor Hongwu, it investigated corruption and treason among ordinary government officials and also had the power to imprison them. Later, its scope was expanded to include minor private matters, causing problems. Together with the Western Office and the Internal Office, which were established later, it was called the Three Offices.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，明代の皇帝直属の諜報機関。永楽 18 (1420) 年北京の東安門の北に設置され，長官は宦官。洪武帝のときの錦衣衛と並んで，一般官吏の不正，謀反を内偵し，刑獄の権も併有した。のちにはその範囲が，民間の些細なことにまで及び，弊害を引起した。またその後に設置された西廠，内行廠とともに，三廠と呼ばれた。

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