Qaṣida (English spelling)

Japanese: カシーダ（英語表記）qaṣīda

A poetic form that originated in Arabia. It is translated into English as ode (a hymn or poem), but this is a convenient translation, and it has the characteristics and structure unique to Arabic poetry. It was later adopted into Persian and Turkish poetry, and each underwent some changes. It originally came from the Arabic word qaṣada (meaning to seek, to pursue, etc.), and came to mean a flawless and perfect poem. It arose in Arabia around the 6th century, and many of its excellent works were written by nomadic poets. There is only one type of meter and rhyme within a qasida, and poems of lengths between 7 bytes (one byte consists of two phrases before and after) and at most 100 bytes, with poems longer than that appearing only in later times. It was competed with to be the most perfect of the various poetic forms before the Islamic era, and even during the Islamic era, this form became typical of Arabic poetry, and continued to be so until recent times. Originally, each poet wrote qasida to boast about the superiority of the people of his tribe or to praise his protector. Instead of jumping straight into the main subject, the poet would begin with a prelude in which he visits the ruins of a camp where he and his lover once lived happily, lamenting the past. He would then sing of the merits of camels and horses, or of his journey across the desert to his former tribe or to the person who would protect him. In this way, the poet would draw the other person's heart into the poem before finally moving on to the main subject, the ode. This was the original form of the qasida, but in later times it underwent various changes.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アラビアで始った詩形。英語のオード ode (頌詩，賦) などを訳語にあてるが，便宜的のもので，アラビア語詩独特の特色と構成とをもつ。のちにペルシア語やトルコ語の詩にも取入れられ，それぞれ若干の変化を生じた。もともとはアラビア語のカサダ qaṣada (求める，追求するなどの意) という言葉から起り，欠点のない完璧な詩というような意味になった。6世紀頃にアラビアで起り，特に遊牧部族の詩人たちの作にすぐれたものが多かった。韻律 (メーター) も尾韻 (ライム) も1つのカシーダ内ではただ1種で通し，7バイト (前後2句をもって1バイトとする) からせいぜい 100バイトくらいの長さまでで，それ以上の長詩は後世にならないと現れない。イスラム時代以前から諸種の詩形のうち最も完成されたものとして競いつくられ，イスラム時代になっても，アラビア語の詩ではこの形が典型的なものとなり，最近にまで及んだ。もともとは各詩人がその部族の人々の優秀さを誇ったり，保護者を称賛したりするためにつくったのだが，いきなり本題に入らず，その前置きとして，まず，詩人たちが昔，愛人と楽しく住んだ野営地の荒廃の跡を訪れ，過ぎし日々を哀傷する詩から始る。次にラクダや馬の長所をうたったり，砂漠を越えてもとの部族や自分を保護してくれる人物のもとに旅していくところをうたう。こうして相手の心をその詩のなかに引入れてから最後に本題の頌詩に入るのである。これが本来のカシーダの形式だが，後世になるといろいろの変化を生じた。

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