Dark field focusing device - Ansha Shukou Sochi

Japanese: 暗視野集光装置 - あんしやしゅうこうそうち
Dark field focusing device - Ansha Shukou Sochi

…In the course of this, fertilization (1841), mitosis (1867), the law of constant chromosome number (1887-88), meiosis (1887), and other discoveries were made, and detailed studies were made on longitudinal chromosome splitting (1883, 84) and the mitotic apparatus (1879, 80, 82). Together with the confirmation that protozoa are single-celled organisms, and that sperm and eggs are also single cells, this established the cell theory as the foundation of modern biology and paved the way for the rediscovery of Mendel's laws of inheritance. Around this time, a dark-field condenser was developed that could reveal the presence of minute particles below the resolution limit of the lens system by observing only the light reflected or diffracted by an object, rather than the light transmitted through it. In addition, a polarizing microscope that inserted a polarizer and analyzer into the lens system could be used on biological samples to examine the optical anisotropy and birefringence of crystals, and was used to study the structure of starch and cell walls. …

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "dark field focusing device" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…こうした流れのなかで,受精(1841),有糸分裂(1867),染色体数一定の法則(1887‐88),減数分裂(1887)などの発見があり,染色体の縦裂(1883,84),分裂装置(1879,80,82)の詳細な研究がなされ,原生動物が単細胞生物であること,精子,卵子も単一の細胞であること,などの認識の確定と相ともなって細胞説を現代生物学の基礎として確立するとともに,メンデルの遺伝法則の再発見への条件をととのえることとなった。 またそのころ,物体の透過光でなく物体によって反射または回折した光だけを観察することによって,レンズ系の解像力の限界以下の微細な粒子の存在を明らかにする暗視野集光装置が開発された。また,レンズ系に偏光子と検光子を挿入することによって,結晶の光学的異方性,複屈折性をしらべる偏光顕微鏡が生物試料にも用いられ,デンプンや細胞壁の構造の研究に利用されるようになった。…

※「暗視野集光装置」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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