Inspector General - Ansatsushishi

Japanese: 按察使司 - あんさつしし

…He also abolished the Imperial Censorship, which was the bureaucratic supervision body, and replaced it with the Ducayuan, which strengthened supervision. Earlier in 1376, he abolished the Xingzhongshushe, the central body of local administration, and replaced it with the Fuzhengshisi (administration), Duzhongshisi (military), and Anzashisi (inspection), and also carried out reforms by separating the three branches of power and linking each directly to the emperor. Through this series of reforms, the emperor gained enormous political power, and the imperial dictatorship became the strongest in Chinese history. …

From Sanji

…During the Five Dynasties, there was a commander-in-chief of the Imperial Guard called the Dianqiandu Qianshi, who tended to be recommended by the emperor, so Taizu of Song reorganized the Imperial Guard and created official positions such as Du Zhongshi and Du Zhongshi in each position, decentralizing power. (5)During the Ming Dynasty, the administrative ministries of Fu Zheng Shisi, An Cha Shisi, and Du Zhongshisi were collectively called the Fu Zheng Shisi, which were in charge of civil administration, An Cha Shisi the judicial system, and Du Zhongshisi the military administration. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Ansatsushishi" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…官僚の監察機関である御史台も廃止され，代わって都察院が設置され監察が強化された。彼はこれよりさき1376年には地方行政の中心機関であった行中書省を廃止し，代わって布政使司(行政)，都指揮使司(軍事)，按察使司(検察)を設置し，三権を分立させてそれぞれを皇帝に直結させるという改革をも行った。こうした一連の改革によって皇帝は絶大な政治権力を握ることになり，皇帝独裁体制は中国史上最高のものとなったのである。…

【三司】より

…五代では殿前都点検という禁軍の総司令官がいて，これが天子に推される傾向にあったので，宋の太祖は禁軍の組織を改編し，それぞれに都指揮使などの官職を設け，権力を分散させたのである。(5)明代では行省の布政使司と按察使司と都指揮使司を総称した。布政使司は民政を，按察使司は司法を，都指揮使司は軍政をつかさどった。…

※「按察使司」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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