...During and after World War II in the 1940s, thriller novels became popular, which depicted the actions and circumstances of characters in a ruthless style called "hard-boiled" to build anxiety and tension rather than focusing on the detective interest in finding the culprit or solving the case. Reflecting this, Raymond Chandler's novel "The Big Three" (1946), which is said to be one of the prototypes of the "detective film," was created, and the word "thriller" is said to have come to be used in film as well. It was also called "crime movie," "black cinema," and "private eye film (shamus film)," but the term "thriller film" became the general term for the film genre. Some film historians point out that suspense was intended in the climaxes of D.W. Griffith's The Way East (1920) and Orphans of the Storm (1922), and that the German Expressionist film Dr. Caligari (1919) already contained elements of a thriller film. It has been said that tracing the first thriller film is like tracing the first British folk song, but the man known as the "founder of the thriller" is director Alfred Hitchcock, whose first "thriller" was the silent film The Lodger (1926) from his British period, which was a film adaptation of Belloc Lowndes' novel, modeled on the famous "Jack the Ripper" case, and focused only on the perspective of the landlady of a boarding house. From [Film Noir]...It means "dark film" in French (originally used as a reference to "noir" (black) as opposed to "rose"), but it is an American film term referring to American crime movies or hardboiled-detective films. The term "noir" (dark) came to be used as a homage to American crime thriller films, after the famous series of crime mystery novels "Serie Noir" (dark series) published by Gallimard in Paris in 1945, supervised by Marcel Duhamel. *Some of the terminology that refers to "dark films" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…第2次世界大戦中から戦後にかけての1940年代に,犯人捜索や事件解決をめぐる推理的興味よりも人物の行動や環境を〈ハードボイルドhard‐boiled〉とよばれる非情なスタイルで描写して不安や緊張をもり上げるスリラー小説が流行したが,それを反映して〈探偵映画detective film〉の原型の一つといわれるレーモンド・チャンドラー原作の《三つ数えろ》(1946)がつくられ,〈スリラーthriller〉ということばが映画にもつかわれるようになったといわれる。〈犯罪映画crime movie〉〈暗黒映画black cinema〉〈私立探偵映画private eye film(shamus film)〉ともよばれたが,映画のジャンルとしては〈スリラー映画〉が一般的呼称になった。 古くはD.W.グリフィスの《東への道》(1920)や《嵐の孤児》(1922)のクライマックスでサスペンスが意図され,またドイツの表現主義映画《カリガリ博士》(1919)には,すでにスリラー映画の要素があると指摘する映画史家もいて,最初につくられたスリラー映画を追跡するのはイギリスの最初の民謡を追跡するようなものであるといわれるが,〈スリラーの開祖〉として知られるのはアルフレッド・ヒッチコック監督で,有名な〈切り裂きジャック〉事件をモデルにしたベロック・ローンズの小説を下宿屋の女主人の視点だけにしぼって映画化したイギリス時代のサイレント作品《下宿人》(1926)がその最初の〈スリラー映画〉である。… 【フィルム・ノワール】より…フランス語で〈暗黒映画〉の意だが(本来は〈バラ色rose〉に対する〈黒色(暗い)noir〉の意味で用いられた),アメリカの犯罪映画crime movie,あるいはハードボイルド映画hardboiled‐detective filmをさすアメリカの映画用語である。 1945年にマルセル・デュアメル監修でパリのガリマール社から発売された有名な犯罪推理小説叢書〈セリ・ノワール(暗黒叢書)〉にあやかって,〈ノワール(暗黒)〉の形容がアメリカの犯罪スリラー映画に対するオマージュとして使われるようになった。… ※「暗黒映画」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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