predicate

Japanese: predicate
predicate


[Formal logic and grammar]
The term subject and predicate can be traced back to Aristotle's Greek expressions of hypokeimenon and katēgoroumenon, which correspond to A (what is spoken about) and B (what is spoken about A) in the proposition "A is B" in formal logic. These were later expressed in Latin as subjectum and praedictum, respectively, and gradually became established as terms in logic and grammar, and have been inherited in European languages ​​today (for example, subject and predicate in English), and have also come to be used in other languages, and are translated as subject and predicate in Japan (in formal logic, they are also translated as head and object, and in grammar, as subject and predicate). In Europe at the beginning, logic and grammar were closely related (originally undifferentiated), and became a common term, but they are disciplines with different goals and subjects (grammar is now considered a part of linguistics).

*Some terminology explanations that mention "predicate" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[形式論理学と文法]
 そもそも主語・述語とは,形式論理学における命題〈AはBである〉のA(それについて語るところのもの)およびB(Aについて語る事がら)に当たるものを,アリストテレスがそれぞれギリシア語でhypokeimenon,katēgoroumenonと表現したことにさかのぼるという。これが,その後ラテン語でそれぞれsubjectum,praedictumと表現され,論理学および文法の用語としてしだいに定着,今日のヨーロッパ諸言語でも継承され(たとえば英語subject,predicate),また他の言語でも用いられるようになり,日本でも主語・述語と訳してきたものである(形式論理学では主辞・賓辞とも,文法では主部・述部とも訳す)。当初のヨーロッパでは論理学と文法は密接な(元来は未分化ともいえる)関係にあり,共通の用語となったのだが,しかし,両者は目標も対象も異なる学問である(文法は今日では言語学の一部として位置づけられている)。…

※「predicate」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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