Utraquist - What is Utraquist?

...Sigismund, receiving a bull from Pope Martin V, sent a crusade to Bohemia to suppress the Hussites, but the Hussite army led by military leader Žižka crushed the crusaders at Vitkov Hill outside Prague (July 1420). The Hussites were broadly divided into two factions: the radical Taborites, who were based in the fortress city of Tabor in southern Bohemia and consisted of peasants, artisans, and lower-ranking knights, and the moderate reformists known as the Utrakvisté or Kališníce, who were centered around the city aristocracy and university of Prague and who claimed that lay people should also possess the Holy Grail. In 1420, Jan Rokycana (before 1397-1471), a leader of the Utraquist faction, attempted to negotiate with the Catholic Church by proposing (1) the free preaching of the Word of God, (2) the communion of the Holy Eucharist in both the form of bread and wine by the laity, (3) the apostolic life and moral integrity of the clergy without any possessions, and (4) the punishment of those who committed serious sins by the authorities (the Four Articles of Prague). On the other hand, the Taborites rejected the church organization, adopted a system of shared property under strict discipline, and aimed to establish the kingdom of God by arms.

*Some of the terminology that refers to the "Utraquists" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…そのためジギスムントは教皇マルティヌス5世の勅書を受けて，フス派討伐の十字軍をボヘミアに差し向けたが，軍事指導者ジシュカに率いられたフス派軍はプラハ郊外のビトコフVitkovの丘で十字軍を粉砕した(1420年7月)。　フス派には，大別して南ボヘミアの城砦都市タボルを拠点として終末論的信仰をもち，農民，職人，下層騎士から成る急進的なタボル派と，平信徒も聖杯をもつことを主張した，プラハの都市貴族，大学を中心としたいわゆるウトラキスト派Utrakvistéまたはカリックス派Kališníceと呼ばれる穏健な改良主義者の2派があった。1420年，ウトラキスト派の指導者ロキツアナJan Rokycana(1397以前‐1471)は，(1)神のことばの自由な説教，(2)平信徒によるパンとブドウ酒の両形色における聖体拝領，(3)聖職者の無一物の使徒的生活と道徳的高潔さ，(4)当局による大罪を犯した者に対する処罰(〈プラハの4ヵ条〉)を提示し，カトリック教会と交渉しようとしたのに対し，タボル派は，教会組織を拒否し，厳格な規律による財産共有制をとり，武器をもって神の王国を建設することをめざした。…

※「ウトラキスト派」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報