《Dark City》

Japanese: 《暗黒街》 - あんこくがい
《Dark City》

...It is one of the three great gangster movies along with "Rico" (1930) and "An Enemy of the People" (1931) (all three films based on Al Capone), and it sparked a huge boom that produced as many as 300 gangster movies in the early 1930s alone. The screenplay was written by B. Hecht, a former Chicago newspaper reporter who also wrote the original story of "City of the Dead" (1927), known as the first gangster movie in history, and it vividly depicts the brutal anti-social acts of gangsters under the premise that "descendants of the Borgia family are living in modern-day Chicago" (it is said that Al Capone requested to be allowed to check the script for this movie from prison at the time). This caused problems with the Production Code, so several scenes were deleted, the ending was changed (Hawks apparently shot three different endings), and the title of the original novel by Armitage Trail, Shame of a Nation, was used as the subtitle for the film. In addition, the authorities added a message that gangsters were the enemy of society, and the film was released two years later in 1932 (the version released in Japan was the same).

From Gangster Movies

A Hollywood movie genre that was popular in the early 1930s and is a series of thrillers, melodramas, and violent films set in the American underworld during the prohibition of alcohol.
[The heyday of the 1930s]
This film depicts the dark side of American society in the 1920s, a time of social unrest following the implementation of Prohibition. Joseph von Sternberg's silent classic, Underworld (1927), is considered the first full-scale gangster film.

From Sternberg

…American film director. He is known for directing “Die Graubunden” (1927), which opened the history of American gangster films, and for the German film “The Blue Angel” (1930), which made Marlene Dietrich a global star. He was born into a middle-class Jewish family in Vienna, but the aristocratic “von” was added later by an American filmmaker out of his business sense. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Underworld" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…《犯罪王リコ》(1930),《民衆の敵》(1931)とともに三大ギャング映画といわれ(3作ともアル・カポネをモデルにした作品),その後30年代前半だけで300本に及ぶギャング映画を生む大ブームのきっかけを作った。シカゴの新聞記者出身で,史上初のギャング映画として知られる《暗黒街》(1927)の原作者であるB.ヘクトが脚本を書き,〈ボルジア家の末裔(まつえい)が現代のシカゴに生きている〉という想定のもとに,ギャングの残虐な反社会的行為を鮮烈に描いた(アル・カポネは当時,獄中からこの映画のシナリオをチェックさせろと要求したという)。そのためプロダクション・コード(映画倫理規定)にかかわる問題となり,いくつかの場面を削除し,結末を変え(ホークスは三通りのラストを撮ったという),アーミテージ・トレールの原作小説の題名《国民の恥Shame of a Nation》を映画のサブタイトルにし,さらに,ギャングは社会の敵であるという意味の当局のメッセージまでつけ加えて,2年後の32年に公開された(日本で公開された版もこれと同じもの)。…

【ギャング映画】より

…ハリウッドが生み出した映画ジャンルの一つで,狭義には1930年代初頭に大流行した,禁酒法下のアメリカの暗黒街(アンダーワールド)を舞台にした,一連のスリラー,メロドラマ,暴力映画をいう。
[全盛期の1930年代]
 禁酒法施行以後の数々の社会的不安が広がる1920年代アメリカ社会の暗黒面を描いた映画で,ジョゼフ・フォン・スタンバーグ監督のサイレントの名作《暗黒街》(1927)が本格的なギャング映画の最初の作品とされる。…

【スタンバーグ】より

…アメリカの映画監督。アメリカのギャング映画の歴史を開いた《暗黒街》(1927)の監督であるとともにマルレーネ・ディートリヒを世界的なスターに仕上げたドイツ映画《嘆きの天使》(1930)の名監督として知られる。ウィーンの中流ユダヤ人家庭に生まれたが,貴族を思わせる〈フォン〉は,のちにアメリカの映画製作者の商魂によって付け加えられたもの。…

※「《暗黒街》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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