An-hui-pai (English spelling)

Japanese: 安徽派 - あんきは（英語表記）An-hui-pai

A faction of the Chinese Beiyang warlords. The Anhui faction was named after its leader, Duan Qirui, who was from Anhui province. In China, it is also called the Wan faction or the Duan faction. After the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916, the Beiyang warlords split into the Zhili faction led by Feng Guozhang and the Anhui faction. In 1917, in the midst of a North-South confrontation, the Anhui faction advocated the use of force to suppress the Southern faction, led by Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries, and a dispute arose between them and the Zhili faction, which advocated a peaceful resolution. In August 1918, the Anfu faction (Anfu Club) was formed as Duan's official party, and became the majority party in the National Assembly. The Anhui faction strengthened its political and military position in the country with assistance from the Nishihara Loan, the formation of a war army, and the Japan-China Joint Anti-Enemy Military Agreement, all of which were aided by the support policy of the Terauchi Masatake Cabinet in Japan. However, with the end of World War I, pressure from the UK and the US weakened Japan's support, and the Anhui faction's compromise policy was one of the factors behind the May Fourth Movement of 1919, drawing criticism from the public. In July 1920, the Anhui faction was defeated in the Anzhi War, the Anfu faction was dissolved, and Duan stepped down from power. After the Second Fengtian War in 1924, the Fengtian faction and Feng Yuxiang faction formed a coalition government, with Duan serving as provisional regent. After 1926, the Northern Expedition progressed, and in 1928, the Anhui faction disappeared with the downfall of the various factions of the Beiyang warlords.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国の北洋軍閥の一派。首領の段祺瑞 (だんきずい) が安徽省出身なので安徽派の名が生れた。中国では皖 (かん) 系，段派とも呼ばれる。 1916年の巨頭袁世凱の病死後，北洋軍閥は馮国璋を首領とする直隷派と安徽派とに分れた。 17年以後南北対立の情勢のなかで，安徽派は孫文らの革命派を中心とする南方派に対して武力討伐を主張し，平和的解決を主張する直隷派との間に争いを生じた。 18年8月段の御用政党として安福派 (安福倶楽部) が結成され，国会の多数党として勢力をふるった。安徽派は日本の寺内正毅内閣の援段政策により西原借款，参戦軍編成，日中共同防敵軍事協定などの援助を受けて，国内における政治的軍事的立場を強化した。しかし第1次世界大戦の終了とともに英米の圧力が加わり日本の支援も弱められ，またその対日妥協政策が 19年の五・四運動の一因となり，国民の非難を浴びた。 20年7月の安直戦争で安徽派は敗れ，安福派は解散させられ，段は下野した。 24年の第2次奉直戦争で奉天派が勝利を収めると，安徽派，奉天派，馮玉祥の連立政権がつくられ，段は臨時執政となった。 26年以後，北伐が進展し，28年北洋軍閥各派の没落とともに安徽派は消滅した。

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