A phenomenon in which maleness (pollen) affects the properties of the endosperm in the seeds of flowering plants. Previously, this phenomenon was thought to be different from Mendel's "laws of inheritance," but the mechanism of double fertilization, which is unique to flowering plants, was elucidated, and the mechanism behind this phenomenon was also elucidated. Some varieties of corn have yellow endosperm, while others have white endosperm. In this case, the yellow endosperm variety is dominant over the white endosperm variety, and when the pollen of the yellow endosperm variety is fertilized with the pistil of the white endosperm variety, the resulting seed has a yellow endosperm. This is because double fertilization occurs when the endosperm tissue is fertilized just like the embryo. Of the two sperm nuclei in the pollen of yellow endosperm corn, one nucleus combines with the egg nucleus to form the embryo, while the other nucleus combines with the bipolar nucleus to form the endosperm, so the dominant trait of the pollen appears in the endosperm. When male traits appear in maternal tissues other than the endosperm, this is called metaxenia. As an example of metaxenia, it is known that the size and ripening time of date palm fruits are influenced by the type of pollen. [Seiichi Yoshida] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
被子植物の種子の胚乳(はいにゅう)の性質に、雄性(花粉)の影響が現れる現象。以前は、メンデルの「遺伝の法則」と異なる現象と考えられたが、被子植物特有の重複受精の機構が明らかとなって、この現象の仕組みも解決された。 トウモロコシのある品種は黄色の胚乳で、他の品種の胚乳は白色をしている。この場合、黄色胚乳種は、白色胚乳種より優性であり、黄色胚乳種の花粉を白色胚乳種の雌しべに受粉させると、できた種子の胚乳が黄色となる。これは重複受精によって、胚乳組織も胚と同様に受精によって生ずるためである。黄色胚乳系統のトウモロコシの花粉の二つの精核のうち、一つの核は卵核と合体して胚をつくるが、もう一つの核は2極核と合体して胚乳となるので、花粉の優性の形質が胚乳に現れるのである。胚乳以外の母系統の組織に、雄性の性質が出る場合はメタキセニアという。メタキセニアの例として、ナツメヤシの果実の大きさや熟化の時期が花粉の種類によって左右されることが知られている。 [吉田精一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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