Mongolian Music - Mongolian Music

Japanese: モンゴル音楽 - モンゴルおんがく

Music from the Mongolian settlements in central Asia, which spread from east to west around the Gobi Desert. After the Xiongnu period before Christ, Outer Mongolia became the settlement of the Turkic Uighur people, and Islamic music was introduced there. During the Yuan Dynasty, they received cultural guidance from the Muslims, and were influenced by them (the large kokyū instrument, the morin khuur, was a variation of the Arabic rabab), while during the period of subjugation by the Ming and Qing dynasties, a lot of music from China, which was neighboring to the south, was introduced to Inner Mongolia. However, unlike Islamic music, which has a seven-tone scale, the Mongolians have passed down folk songs to this day that are probably ancient in style, which are five-tone but different from the typical Chinese five-tone scale (do-re-mi-so-la). Songs with free rhythm accompanied by the morin khuur are called urchin do (meaning "long songs"), and are like Japanese horse-carrying songs and oiwake songs. In addition, there are choruses with magnificent male solos, with falsetto (falsetto) mixed in over a sustained bass. Typical folk songs include the Bogino Do (meaning "short song"), and musical instruments include the horsehead fiddle (also called the Morin Khur), the six-hole flute (limbu), the Western zither, and the three-stringed Shanzu. Therefore, Mongolian music should be considered as forming an independent musical cultural sphere, different from both Chinese and Tibetan music.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アジアの中央部，ゴビ砂漠を中心に東西に広がるモンゴル人の居住地の音楽。紀元前の匈奴時代ののち，外モンゴルはトルコ系のウイグル族の居住地となり，それ以来，イスラム系の音楽も入った。元代には，文化指導をイスラム人に受けたので，その影響を受け (大型の胡弓の馬頭琴はアラビアのラバーブの変形) ，一方，明清服属時代には内モンゴルに南隣の中国音楽が多く入った。しかしモンゴル人は，7音音階のイスラム音楽とは違い，5音音階であるが中国の典型的な5音音階 (ドレミソラ) とも違う，おそらく古い伝承と思われる様式をもった民謡を今日まで伝承している。馬頭琴の伴奏による自由リズムの歌をウルチン・ド (「長い歌」の意) といい，あたかも日本の馬子唄，追分唄のような歌である。そのうえ，持続低音のうえで，ファルセット (裏声) も交えてのみごとな男声ソロが流れる合唱もある。民謡の典型的なものには，ボギノ・ドー (「短い歌」の意) などもあり，楽器には，馬頭琴 (モリン・フールともいう) のほかに6孔をもつ横笛 (リンブ) ，洋琴や三弦系統のシャンズなどもある。したがって，モンゴル音楽は，中国音楽ともチベット音楽とも違う，一つの独立の音楽文化圏をなすとみるべきである。

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