Given two quantities (or positive numbers), a and b , if b is multiplied by some number, it will eventually exceed a . This is called Archimedes' axiom. Generally, in an additive group with an ordered concept, if there is an n such that a < nb for a , b > 0, then it is said to be Archimedean. This means that if n is made large enough, nb will be larger than any a . Furthermore, if division is guaranteed, this means that ( a / n ) < b , that is, if a is divided into n equal parts, a / n will be smaller than any positive number b . These theories were used extensively by Euclid before Archimedes, and are said to have been attributed to Eudoxus. They were used in discussions related to the continuity of real numbers in the Greek era, but in the 19th century, when the continuity of real numbers became an issue again, they became one of its principles. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
2つの量 (もしくは正数) a と b があるとき,b を何倍かすると,いつかは a をこえる。これを,アルキメデスの公理という。一般に,順序概念のある加法群で,a ,b>0 について a<nb となる n があるとき,アルキメデス的という。これは,n を十分大きくすれば,どんな a よりも nb が大きくなることを意味する。さらに分割が保証されていれば,これは (a/n)<b ,すなわち a を n 等分すればどんな正の数 b よりも a/n が小さくなることを意味する。これらは,アルキメデスより以前,ユークリッドに多用され,エウドクソスによるものといわれ,ギリシア時代に実数の連続性にかかわる議論をするのに用いられたが,19世紀になって,実数の連続性が再び問題になるようになって,その原理の一つとなった。
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