Anthocyanidins

Japanese: アントシアニジン
Anthocyanidins

It is a colored compound obtained by hydrolysis of anthocyanin (glycoside). More than 20 types are known, but all of them have a 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium skeleton. There are three types depending on the type of hydroxyl group substitution in the phenyl group: (1) pelargonidin type (4'-OH), (2) cyanidin type (3',4'-OH), and (3) delphinidin type (3',4',5'-OH). These are obtained as stable crystals in the form of hydrochloride salts, and are reddish brown or blackish purple in color, but alcohol solutions are bright red or purple-red. It is poorly soluble in water and hydrochloric acid, etc., easily soluble in ethanol, methanol, amyl alcohol, etc., and insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, acetone, benzene, etc. The solution is red in acidic conditions, purple in neutral conditions, and unstable blue in alkaline conditions (reversible). It forms a double salt with iron(III) chloride, which is deep blue. In anthocyanins, which are glycosides, sugar residues are attached to the 3-position or 3,5-position.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

アントシアニン(配糖体)を加水分解して得られる有色化合物で,20数種類が知られているが,すべて3,5,7-トリヒドロキシ-2-フェニルベンゾピリリウム骨格をもつ.フェニル基におけるヒドロキシ基置換の形式によって,3種類の型がある.(1)ペラルゴニジン型(4′-OH),(2)シアニジン型(3′,4′-OH),(3)デルフィニジン型(3′,4′,5′-OH).これらは塩酸塩の形で安定した結晶として得られ,その色は赤褐色または黒紫色であるが,アルコール溶液は鮮紅色または紫赤色を呈する.水,塩酸などに難溶,エタノール,メタノール,アミルアルコールなどに易溶,エーテル,石油エーテル,アセトン,ベンゼンなどに不溶.溶液は酸性で赤,中性で紫,アルカリ性で不安定な青色を呈する(可逆的).塩化鉄(Ⅲ)と複塩をつくり,深青色を呈する.配糖体であるアントシアニンでは,糖残基は3位または3,5位についている.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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