A sect that supported the heretical doctrine advocated by Arius, a priest of Alexandria. Arius taught that in the doctrine of the Trinity, the Son is different from other creatures in that he received his existence directly from the Father before the creation of the world, but that he is still distinct from God and was created ex nihilo like other creatures. This doctrine was rejected at the Council of Alexandria (321) and the Council of Nicaea (325), and Arius was banished. During this time, Eusebius of Nicomedia assisted him. Constantius II (reigned 337-361) sided with the Arianists, banished Athanasius, a leading anti-Arian figure, and persecuted the orthodox. Under the emperor, the Arianists gained power, but eventually split into three factions that began to fight each other. (1) The extremist Anomoios doctrine, including Eunomius. (2) The eclecticism, including Acacius. The Arian sect was close to the decision of the Council of Nicaea. (3) Anti-Arian: The Homoousius theory. Basil, etc. However, the Arian sect lost its influence after Theodosius I (reigned 379-395). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アレクサンドリアの司祭アリウスが唱えた異端説を奉じる一派。アリウスは三位一体説において,子は世界創造以前に父からみずからの存在を直接に受けている点で他の被造物と異なっているが,なお神とは異質であり,他の被造物と同じく無より造られたと説いた。アレクサンドリア地方会議 (321) ,ニカイア公会議 (325) でこの説は排斥され,アリウスは追放された。この間ニコメディアのエウセビオスが援助。コンスタンチウス2世 (在位 337~361) はアリウス派に加担して反アリウスの急先鋒アタナシウスを追放し,正統派を迫害した。同帝のもとでアリウス派の勢力は伸長したが,やがて次の3派に分れて抗争するにいたった。 (1) 過激派アノモイオス説 エウノミウスなど。 (2) 折衷派 アカキウスなど。ニカイア公会議の決定に近い。 (3) 反アリウス派 ホモウシオス説。バシリウスなど。しかしアリウス派は,テオドシウス1世 (在位 379~395) 以後勢力を失った。
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