Owari Domain

A powerful clan among the related clans, with its headquarters in Nagoya (Nagoya City) in Owari Province. It is also called the Nagoya Domain. Its predecessor was the Kiyosu Domain, based in Kiyosu, Kasugai County, Owari Province (Kiyosu Town, Nishikasugai County, Aichi Prefecture). After the Honnoji Incident, Oda Nobukatsu took possession of the domain, and in 1590 (Tensho 18) Toyotomi Hidetsugu took over. In 1595 (Bunroku 4), Fukushima Masanori was appointed to the domain, but due to his military achievements in the Battle of Sekigahara, he was transferred to Aki and replaced by Matsudaira Tadayoshi, the fourth son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 1607 (Keicho 12), Tadayoshi died without an heir, and Ieyasu's ninth son, Tokugawa Yoshinao, moved from Kai. The following year, he received a ruling from the Shogun Hidetada that he should rule over the whole of Owari Province. At the time, Yoshinao was still a child and lived with his father in Sunpu (Shizuoka City), and the government was handled by the Moriyaku Hiraiwa Chikayoshi. Kiyosu was a humid, dry area with little water, and was not suitable for stationing a large military force, so in 1610, Ieyasu built Yoshinao's castle in Nagoya, the former castle grounds of the Imagawa clan, and moved the clan headquarters from Kiyosu, and the Kiyosu clan disappeared.

With the death of Chikayoshi in 1611, the governing structure was improved with the heads of the senior retainers Naruse Masanari and Takekoshi Masanobu, and the formation of the vassals, such as Watanabe, Ishikawa, Yamamura, and Chimura, became more active. After the Siege of Osaka, Yoshinao entered the domain for the first time. The domain's administration got on track with inspections of the domain, the establishment of laws and regulations, the establishment of elder posts, and the granting of fiefs to vassals. After the founder of the domain, Yoshinao, the successive lords of the domain, including Mitsutomo, Tsunamune, Yoshimichi, Gorota, Tsugutomo, Muneharu, Munekatsu, Munechika, Naritomo, Nariharu, Naritaka, Yoshitsugu, Yoshikatsu, Mochinaga, and Yoshinori, were officially called "Owari-dono" and held the highest status among the feudal lords as one of the three Tokugawa families. In June 1869 (Meiji 2), Yoshiyoshi returned the domain to the Imperial Court, and the Owari domain was abolished.

There were two important reforms in the history of the domain government. The first was the Kanbun reforms (1661-1673) under the second lord Mitsutomo. He established a temple and shrine magistrate's office and a council of governors, revised the Nagoya city system, abolished the seloku system, strengthened forestry administration in Kiso, and implemented the issuance of domain paper money. This can be seen as the period when the domain system reached its completion. The second was the Tenmei and Kansei reforms (1781-1801) under the ninth lord Munenori. In order to overcome the financial difficulties faced by Muneharu during his reign, who implemented economic stimulus measures in opposition to the shogunate's austerity policy, he promoted the development of industry, established private tax systems, new rice fields tax, and cotton cloth tax, and reissued domain paper money. He also reinstated the stipend system, overhauled the local government system, and revised the criminal code. It was during this period that the domain school Meirindo was opened with Confucian scholar Hosoi Heishu as its president. The final period of domain rule was a complex one, with a succession of events including the establishment of a new domain lord, internal conflicts over loyalty to the emperor or support for the shogunate, the consolidation of domain paper money, and the dispatch of troops to Choshu. The domain's landholding was fixed at 619,500 koku in 1619 (Genwa 5), ​​and included all of Owari and parts of Mino, Mikawa, Omi, Settsu, and Shinano. As of 1854 (Ansei 1), there were 1,311 domain samurai with a fief and 4,677 domain samurai with a current rice allowance. Key positions included the elders of the Naruse and Takekoshi families, castle lords, servants, inspectors, and the three magistrates. Known domain laws include the "Thoriban Oshioki Osadame" (Punishment Decree for Thieves), which was based on Shogunate law. One of the branch domains was the Mino Takasu Domain, which was the descendant of Matsudaira Yoshiyuki, the son of Mitsutomo. The domain is rich in products, including ceramics and cotton from Owari, paper and persimmons from Mino, cypress wood from Shinano, and tops.

[Toichi Hayashi]

"New Narrative Domain History, Volume 5" (1975, Shinjinbutsu Oraisha)" ▽ "Research on the Public Law History of Owari Domain, by Hayashi Toichi (1962, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)" ▽ "Research on the Vassals of Owari Domain, edited by Hayashi Toichi (1975, Meishu Publishing)" ▽ "History of Nagoya City: Political, Academic and Industrial Editions" (1915-1934, Nagoya City)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

尾張国名古屋（名古屋市）に藩庁を置く親藩中の雄藩。名古屋藩ともいう。前身は同国春日井(かすがい)郡清須(きよす)（愛知県西春日井郡清洲町）を本拠とする清須藩。本能寺の変後、織田信雄(のぶかつ)が領有、1590年（天正18）豊臣秀次(とよとみひでつぐ)がこれにかわる。1595年（文禄4）福島正則(まさのり)が入封するが、関ヶ原の戦いの戦功で安芸(あき)に移り、徳川家康の四男松平忠吉(ただよし)と交代。1607年（慶長12）忠吉は無嗣(むし)のまま死没、家康の九男徳川義直(よしなお)が甲斐(かい)から転じた。翌年将軍秀忠(ひでただ)から尾張一国を領知すべき旨の判物を受けた。当時義直は幼少で駿府(すんぷ)（静岡市）の父のもとにおり、国政は傳役(もりやく)の平岩親吉(ひらいわちかよし)が代行した。清須の地は低湿で水利に乏しく、大兵力の駐留にも適しないため、家康は1610年今川氏の旧城地名古屋に義直の居城を築き、藩庁を清須より移転し、清須藩は消えた。

　1611年親吉の死去を機に、付(つけ)家老成瀬正成(なるせまさなり)、竹腰正信(たけのこしまさのぶ)を頂点とする統治機構の整備、渡辺、石河(いしこ)、山村(やまむら)、千村(ちむら)ら幕臣の付属など家臣団の編成が活発化した。大坂の陣ののち、義直が初入国。領内巡視、法令の制定、年寄の創置、家臣への知行(ちぎょう)封与が行われ、藩政は軌道にのった。藩祖義直以後、光友(みつとも)、綱誠(つななり)、吉通(よしみち)、五郎太(ごろうた)、継友(つぐとも)、宗春(むねはる)、宗勝(むねかつ)、宗睦(むねちか)、斉朝(なりとも)、斉温(なりはる)、斉荘(なりたか)、慶蔵(よしつぐ)、慶勝(よしかつ)、茂徳(もちなが)、義宜(よしのり)と続く歴代藩主は「尾張殿」と公称され、徳川三家の一として、大名中最高の格式をもつ。1869年（明治2）6月、義宜は朝廷に版籍奉還、尾張藩は消滅した。

　藩政史上二つの重要な改革がなされた。第一は2代光友の寛文(かんぶん)（1661～73）の改革である。寺社奉行(ぶぎょう)・評定所(ひょうじょうしょ)の新設、名古屋市制の改変、世禄(せいろく)制の撤廃、木曽(きそ)林政の強化、藩札発行を断行した。藩制の完成期と目してよい。第二は9代宗睦の天明(てんめい)・寛政(かんせい)（1781～1801）の改革である。幕府の緊縮方針に抗し景気浮揚策を展開した宗春時代の財政難を克服するため、殖産興業の促進、勝手方用達(ようたし)、新田金(しんでんがね)、綿布役銀(めんぷやくぎん)の創設、藩札の再発行に踏み切ったほか、世禄制の復活、地方(じかた)制度の刷新、刑法改正も行った。儒者細井平洲(ほそいへいしゅう)を総裁に藩校明倫堂(めいりんどう)が開かれたのもこの時期である。藩政末期は藩主擁立や勤王・佐幕をめぐる家中の抗争、藩札の整理、長州出兵などが相次ぎ、複雑な様相を呈した。藩高は1619年（元和5）に確定した61万9500石で、尾張全域と、美濃(みの)、三河、近江(おうみ)、摂津、信濃(しなの)の各一部を所領とした。藩士は1854年（安政1）現在、知行(ちぎょう)給与1311人、現米支給4677人。要職に付家老成瀬・竹腰両家年寄や年寄、城代、用人、目付、三奉行がある。藩法として幕府法系の「盗賊御仕置御定(とうぞくおしおきおさだめ)」などが知られる。支藩に、光友の子松平義行(よしゆき)の子孫である美濃高須(たかす)藩がある。尾張の陶磁器、木綿、美濃の紙、柿、信濃の檜(ひのき)材、駒(こま)をはじめ、領内は産物に富む。

［林　董一］

『『新編物語藩史　第5巻』（1975・新人物往来社）』▽『林董一著『尾張藩公法史の研究』（1962・日本学術振興会）』▽『林董一編『尾張藩家臣団の研究』（1975・名著出版）』▽『『名古屋市史　政治編・学芸編・産業編』（1915～34・名古屋市）』

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