Losses incurred due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Under a floating exchange rate system, when payments are made in foreign currency, there is always an exposure to exchange rate risk. For example, when a trader exports goods, it takes time from the conclusion of the contract to the collection of payment, so during this time the exchange rate may fluctuate, creating exchange rate risk. If the exchange rate is 110 yen to the dollar at the time the export contract is concluded, but 105 yen to the dollar at the time of collection, an exchange loss of 5 yen per dollar will occur. To avoid such exchange rate risk, traders generally make forward exchange contracts (forward exchange transactions) with banks that handle foreign exchange as soon as the contract is concluded. Such exchange rate risk measures are also used in short-term fund management such as interest rate arbitrage. This is because the exchange rate may fluctuate between the time of investment and the time of collection of principal and interest. Although exchange rate fluctuations can generate exchange rate gains, risk avoidance measures are usually taken unless the purpose is speculation. [Tsuchiya Rokuro] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
外国為替相場の変動によって被る損失のこと。変動為替相場制のもとでは、対外的な受け払いを外貨建てで行うと、つねに為替リスクにさらされる。たとえば貿易業者が輸出をする場合、契約成立から代金回収までには時間がかかるので、この間に為替相場が変動し、為替リスクが生まれる可能性がある。いま為替相場が輸出契約成立時点では1ドル=110円であったのが、代金回収時点では1ドル=105円になったとすると、1ドルにつき5円の為替差損が発生することになる。このような為替リスクを回避するために、貿易業者は一般に契約が成立するとただちに外国為替を取り扱う銀行に為替予約(先物(さきもの)為替取引)をする。こうした為替リスク対策は金利裁定のような短期的な資金運用においても行われる。なぜなら、投資時点と元利回収時点の間で為替相場が変動する可能性があるからである。為替相場の変動によっては為替差益を生むこともあるが、投機を目的としない限り、リスク回避策をとるのが普通である。 [土屋六郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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