A bird of the Gruidae family of the Aves order. It is said to be one of the most graceful cranes. It is also famous for having been saved from extinction thanks to the vigorous conservation and breeding efforts of the US and Canadian governments, when the wild population was once only 13 birds. Its body is almost entirely white, with bare red skin on its face, head, eyes, and corners of the mouth, and its primary flight feathers and primary coverts are black. It is about 1.25 meters long. It breeds in Canada and the central US, and winters in the southern US and Mexico. However, Wood Buffalo National Park in northern Canada is the only remaining natural breeding site. In 1980, the population was 118 birds (98 wild and 20 captive), but in 2005 it had increased to 470 birds (336 wild and 134 captive). It is an internationally protected bird. [Hiroyuki Morioka] Smithsonian Institution "> Whooping Crane ©Yoshitaka Morikami "> Major types of cranes (specimen illustrations) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鳥綱ツル目ツル科の鳥。ツル類中もっとも優美な種の一つといわれる。また、野生の個体数が一時は13羽を数えられるだけとなり、アメリカ合衆国、カナダ両国政府の懸命な保護増殖活動によってとりあえず絶滅の危機から救われたことで有名になった。全身ほとんど白色で、顔、頭上、眼先(めさき)、口角部は皮膚が裸出して赤く、初列風切(かざきり)と初列雨覆(あまおおい)は黒い。全長約1.25メートル。カナダ、合衆国中部で繁殖し、合衆国南部、メキシコで越冬する。しかし、現在ではカナダ北部のウッド・バッファロー国立公園が唯一の残された自然繁殖地となっている。生息個体数は、1980年には118羽(野生個体98羽、飼育個体20羽)であったが、2005年には470羽(野生個体336羽、飼育個体134羽)となった。国際保護鳥の一つ。 [森岡弘之] スミソニアン協会"> アメリカシロヅル ©森上義孝"> ツルのおもな種類〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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