…Around the same time, British researcher R. Hooke predicted that crystals are made up of submicroscopically small structural units arranged in a regular pattern, and this idea was passed down to subsequent researchers. In particular, Swedish chemist T. Bergman proposed the theory that calcite has the morphology shown in Figure 2 because molecules of the same shape as its cleavage fragments are densely stacked as shown in Figure 1. French mineralogist RJ Haüy developed this idea and created the basis for the law of rational exponents in crystals at the end of the 18th century. German researchers were active in the first half of the 19th century. … From Lavoisier…In response to a request from the National Assembly in 1890 for advice on the establishment of a new law on weights and measures, the Academie des Sciences proposed the metric system, and Lavoisier was appointed treasurer and secretary of the Committee for Weights and Measures the following year. He also measured the density of pure water at 0°C in a vacuum together with RJ Haüy to determine the standard for volume. However, in 1893, the Reign of Terror began, and the National Convention decided to close all the Academies. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Haüy, RJ" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…同じころ,イギリスのR.フックは,結晶は超顕微鏡的に小さい構成単位が,規則正しく繰り返して配列してできているという予想を発表し,この考えはその後の研究者にも受け継がれた。ことに方解石は,そのへき開片と同じ形の分子が図1のように密に積み重なっているので,図2のような形態を示すという説がスウェーデンの化学者ベリマンT.Bergmanによって唱えられ,フランスの鉱物学者アウイR.J.Haüyはこの考えを発展させて,18世紀末に結晶における有理指数の法則の基礎をつくりあげた。19世紀前半にはドイツの研究者が活躍した。… 【ラボアジエ】より…90年新しい度量衡法設置について国民議会からの諮問に対し,アカデミー・デ・シアンスはメートル法を提案し,ラボアジエは翌年,度量衡委員会の会計・書記を任ぜられた。また体積の標準を決定するため,アユイR.J.Haüyとともに0℃の純水の密度を真空中で測定した。しかし,93年には恐怖政治が始まり,国民公会はすべてのアカデミーの閉鎖を決定した。… ※「Haüy,R.J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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