...Phenocrysts are thought to have developed when magma chambers or magma slowly cooled as it rose to the surface, while groundmass was formed when magma was rapidly cooled when it erupted on the surface (or ocean floor). Volcanic rocks that do not show phenocrysts are called aphyric or afflicted rocks, which lack phenocrysts and consist only of groundmass. Pyroclastics (pyroclastic materials) are solid materials released by eruptions, and are classified according to size and shape into volcanic bombs, volcanic blocks (diameter 32 mm or more), volcanic lapilli (32 to 4 mm), and volcanic ash (4 mm or less). ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "afflicted rocks" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…斑晶はマグマ溜りやマグマが地表に上昇してくる過程でゆっくり冷却した場合に成長したもの,石基はマグマが地表(あるいは海底)に噴出したとき急冷されて生じたものと考えられている。斑状を示さない火山岩は,斑晶を欠き石基部分のみからなり,無斑晶質あるいはアフィリックな岩石とよばれる。火山砕屑物(火砕物)とは噴火によって生じた固体放出物のことで,大きさと形態によって火山弾,火山岩塊(直径32mm以上),火山礫(32~4mm),火山灰(4mm以下)に区分される。… ※「アフィリックな岩石」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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