…An arch has the advantage that the members that make up the arch experience almost no bending force, but instead, a lateral force (also called thrust or arch thrust) is exerted diagonally downward outward at both ends of the arch. In order to absorb this lateral force and safely transmit it to the ground, the arch needs to be sandwiched between two sturdy walls of sufficient weight on both sides, and these wall parts on both sides are called abutments. The distinctive feature of arch structures is that they can be used to span a wide span using relatively small blocks of stone or brick, and they have been developed since ancient times in areas where long pieces of wood or stone were not available. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "abutment" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…アーチは,アーチを形づくる部材にほとんど曲げの力が生じないという長所がある代りに,アーチの両端部に,外方へ向かって斜め下方への横圧力(スラスト,アーチ推力ともいう)を生ずる。この横圧力を吸収して安全に地盤に伝えるため,アーチは両側から十分な重量のある堅固な壁ではさんでやる必要があり,このような両側の壁体部分を迫台(アバットメント)という。アーチ構造の特色は,比較的小さい石材や煉瓦のブロックを用いて,広い径間(スパン)に梁が渡せることで,長大な木材や石材が入手できない地域で古代から発達していた。… ※「アバットメント」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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