Asuka Kiyomihara Palace

This palace was the residence of both Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito from 672 (the 1st year of Emperor Tenmu's reign) until 694 (the 8th year of Emperor Jito's reign), when the capital was moved to Fujiwara Palace. According to the "Nihon Shoki," this palace was built south of the Okamoto Palace of the reigns of Emperor Jomei and Emperor Saimei, and appears to have been located in the same area as Asukadera, Makamigahara. Furthermore, the Kannabiyama mountain where Emperor Tenmu would "admire the yellow leaves of Mount Kamioka" (Manyoshu, Volume 2-159), morning and evening, would likely be the "Mihayama" mountain behind Tachibanadera. Therefore, this palace would have been located near the national historic site "The ruins of Asuka Itabuki Palace," in Muraoka, Asuka. Excavations in this area have been continuing in recent years, and it has become clear that there are at least three large, multi-layered buildings in the surrounding area that are believed to be the remains of a palace. A wooden tablet dating to the 10th year of Emperor Tenmu's reign was excavated from the top layer of these, raising the possibility that they are the remains of Kiyomihara Palace. There is an inner bailey measuring 158 meters east to west and 198 meters north to south, and to the southeast of that is a southeast bailey measuring 94 meters east to west and 55 meters north to south (within which is a building equivalent to the Daigokuden, measuring 9 bays by 5 bays). Furthermore, outer bailey facilities have been confirmed to surround these, and the structure of the government offices and gardens and ponds within them is gradually becoming clear. The Nihon Shoki lists the buildings of Kiyohara Palace as being the New Palace (Niimiya) and the Old Palace (Furumiya), as well as the Daigokuden, Daianden, Uchiando, Tonoando, Mukai no Koando, and Nishi no Matsurigoto.

[Kano Hisashi]

"Asuka-kyo Ruins 1 and 2" compiled by Nara Prefecture Board of Education (1971, 1980)" ▽ "Kishi Toshio, Research on Ancient Japanese Palace Capitals (1988, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Imaizumi Takao, Research on Ancient Japanese Palace Capitals (1993, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)" ▽ "Hayashibe Hitoshi, Research on the Formation Process of Ancient Japanese Palace Capitals (2001, Aoki Shoten)" ▽ "Ozawa Tsuyoshi, Research on the Structure of Ancient Japanese Palace Capitals (2003, Aoki Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

672年（天武1）から藤原宮(ふじわらのみや)へ遷都する694年（持統8）までの天武・持統両朝の宮。『日本書紀』には、この宮は舒明(じょめい)・斉明(さいめい)朝の岡本宮(おかもとのみや)の南に営まれ、飛鳥寺(あすかでら)と同じ真神原(まかみがはら)にあったとみえ、また天武天皇が朝な夕なに賞(め)でたという「神岳(かみおか)の山の黄葉(もみじ)」（『万葉集』巻2―159）の神奈備山(かんなびやま)は、橘寺(たちばなでら)背後の「ミハ山」であろうから、この宮殿は明日香(あすか)村岡(おか)の国史跡「伝飛鳥板蓋宮跡(でんあすかいたぶきのみやあと)」付近にあったものであろう。この地域の発掘調査が近年継続して進められ、付近一帯に宮殿遺構とみられる大規模な建物群が、重層的に少なくとも3回存在することが明らかになった。その最上層から天武10年の年紀をもつ木簡が出土し、浄御原宮の遺構である可能性が高まった。そこには東西158メートル、南北198メートルの内郭(ないかく)と、その東南に東西94メートル、南北55メートルの東南郭（その中に9間×5間の大極殿(だいごくでん)相当建物がある）があり、さらにそれらを取り巻く外郭(がいかく)施設が確認され、その中に官衙(かんが)や苑池(えんち)が配される構造が徐々に明らかにされつつある。『日本書紀』には浄御原宮の殿舎として、新宮(にいみや)・旧宮(ふるみや)の別のほか大極殿、大安殿(おおあんどの)、内安殿(うちのあんどの)、外安殿(とのあんどの)・向小殿(むかいのこあんどの)、西庁(にしのまつりごとどの)などがみえる。

［狩野　久］

『奈良県教育委員会編『飛鳥京跡1、2』（1971、1980）』▽『岸俊男著『日本古代宮都の研究』（1988・岩波書店）』▽『今泉隆雄著『古代宮都の研究』（1993・吉川弘文館）』▽『林部均著『古代宮都形成過程の研究』（2001・青木書店）』▽『小澤毅著『日本古代宮都構造の研究』（2003・青木書店）』

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