Twelve Heavenly Kings

Japanese: 十二天 - じゅうにてん
Twelve Heavenly Kings

Twelve heavenly deities who protect the world. They are the eight heavens, the upper and lower heavens, and the sun and moon. (1) Taishakuten (Indra) in the east, (2) Enmaten (Yama) in the south, (3) Suten (Varuna) in the west, (4) Bishamonten (Vaiśravaa, Kuvera) in the north, (5) Fire (Agni) in the southeast, (6) Rakshasa (Rakshasas) in the southwest. (10) the lower Earth god (Pthivī), (11) the Sun god (Sūrya), and (12) the Moon god (Candra). In esoteric Buddhism, these gods are placed on an altar, and offerings are made to them through burning goma (fire offerings), and prayers are offered for their protection. This is called the Twelve Heavenly Gods (Tenku). Images of the Twelve Heavenly Gods at To-ji Temple in Kyoto and Saidai-ji Temple in Nara are famous.

[Akira Sadakata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

世界を守護する12種の天神。八方天と上下の天と日月とからなる。(1)東方の帝釈天(たいしゃくてん)(インドラIndra)、(2)南方の焔魔天(えんまてん)(ヤマYama)、(3)西方の水天(バルナVaruna)、(4)北方の毘沙門天(びしゃもんてん)(バイシュラバナVaiśravaa、クベーラKuvera)、(5)東南方の火天(アグニAgni)、(6)西南方の羅刹天(らせつてん)(ラークシャサRākasa)、(7)西北方の風天(バーユVāyu)、(8)東北方の伊舎那天(いしゃなてん)(イーシャーナĪśāna)、(9)上方の梵天(ぼんてん)(ブラフマーBrahmā)、(10)下方の地天(ちてん)(プリティビーPthivī)、(11)日天(にってん)(スーリヤSūrya)、(12)月天(がってん)(チャンドラCandra)をいう。密教ではこれらの神を壇の上に配し、護摩(ごま)をたいて供養し、加護を祈る。これを十二天法(十二天供(てんく))という。京都・東寺と奈良・西大寺の画像は有名。

[定方 晟]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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