Aspect

Japanese: アスペクト（英語表記）aspect

A grammatical term. Also called aspect or body. A grammatical category that indicates whether the process or state expressed by a verb is taken as a whole regardless of the passage of time, or whether the passage of time is an issue. One example is the difference between the so-called perfect and imperfect in Russian grammar. The opposition between the simple past and the past imperfect in written French is generally discussed as a tense, but it is actually an opposition of aspect. In some languages, such as Russian, the opposition of aspect is expressed by word formation, and in other languages, such as French, it is expressed by conjugation, but in either case, strictly speaking, aspect is used when it appears as a systematic grammatical phenomenon. However, in a broader sense, when the intrinsic meaning of a verb contains an element related to duration, it is sometimes called the momentary aspect or the durational aspect, and is sometimes referred to as a difference in aspect.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

文法用語。相または体ともいう。動詞の表わす過程・状態などが，その時間的経過に関係なく全体としてとらえられるか，それとも時間的経過が問題とされるかの差異を示す文法範疇。ロシア語文法のいわゆる完了体と不完了体の別が一例。フランス語の文章語における単純過去と半過去との対立も，一般に時制として論じられるが，実はアスペクトの対立である。ロシア語の場合のように多く語形成によってアスペクトの対立を表わす言語や，フランス語の場合のように活用による言語もあるが，いずれにせよ，厳密には体系的な文法現象として現れる場合にアスペクトという。しかし広義には，動詞の内在的意味が時間的持続にかかわる要素を含んでいるときに，瞬間相あるいは持続相などと呼んで，アスペクトの違いということがある。

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