Yajirobei - Yajirobei

Japanese: 弥次郎兵衛 - やじろべえ
Yajirobei - Yajirobei

This is a scientific toy (gangu) that applies the principle of center of gravity stability in physics. Weights are attached to both ends of a horizontal bar to make them even, and a doll is attached to the center of the bar, so it won't fall over even if you shake it with your finger. Since the Edo period, it has been called by various names such as Yojiro doll, Yojirobei, balanced doll, Yajirobei, hat doll, water-drawing doll, and Mamezo, and it has already appeared in ukiyo-e prints from the Kyoho era (1716-1736). The origin of the name is said to be from a non-human called Yojiro who made it dance on a hat at the gates of his house. It was also called "Honest Shobei" because of the way it stands upright. "Asukagawa" (by Shibamura Morikata), published in 1810 (Bunka 7), describes how "in the old days, a doll called Yojirobei was attached to the end of a bamboo pole and spun around, saying, 'Yojiro, come on, come on, come on,' and received gifts, but I can't see it anymore." Also, "Kinsei Shobai Zukushi Kyoka Utaawase" (by Segawa Jogo), published in 1853 (Kaei 6), describes the scene of a peddler selling the doll, saying, "This is the old Yojirobei doll, and he holds it up on the tip of his finger, singing, 'Even though I'm old, I'm still okay, shan tokoi, shan tokoi, shan tokoi,'" indicating that it was a popular toy for children at the time. Sometimes, adults also used it for drinking games. There are two types: one with the horizontal bars likened to both hands, forming a T-shape at the top of the doll, and one that is inserted at the bottom of the doll. It is still used in various ways today, and there are also local toys such as the Takamatsu Sports Doll (Kagawa Prefecture).

[Ryosuke Saito]

Yajirobei
Yajirobei in the form of a kokeshi doll from the Tohoku region. Both the doll and the stand were turned on a lathe. ©Shogakukan ">

Yajirobei


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

物理学の重心安定の理を応用した科学玩具(がんぐ)。横棒の両端に重りを取り付けて左右を平均させ、棒の中心に人形をつけて、指で揺らしても倒れないようにつくったもの。江戸時代から与次郎人形、与次郎兵衛、つり合い人形、弥次郎兵衛、笠(かさ)人形、水くみ人形、豆蔵などさまざまな名でよばれ、享保(きょうほう)年間(1716~1736)のころの浮世絵にもすでに登場している。名称の語源は、与次郎という非人が、門付(かどづけ)に笠の上でこれを舞わしたことがおこりという。また、直立しようとしている姿から「正直正兵衛」ともよばれた。1810年(文化7)刊の『飛鳥(あすか)川』(柴村盛方(しばむらもりかた)著)には、「昔与次郎兵衛とて、人形を竹の先に付(つけ)くるくると廻(まは)し、与次郎こいやれたゝきこいやれとて、物貰(ものもらひ)たるが今は見へず」と、門付に用いられたことを記している。また1853年(嘉永6)刊の『近世商売尽(づくし)狂歌合(うたあわせ)』(瀬川如皐(せがわじょこう)著)には、「是(これ)は旧来よりの与次郎兵衛といふ人形なり、指の先へ此(この)人形を立て『としはとつてもマダマダ大丈夫シャントコイシャントコイシャントコイ』」と、その振売り行商風景を伝えていて、当時子供の玩具として親しまれていたことを示している。ときには、大人が酒席の遊びにも用いた。横棒を両手に見立て、人形の上部でT字形にしたものと、下部の裾(すそ)あたりにさしたものとがある。現在もさまざまに応用され、高松の運動人形(香川県)などの郷土玩具もある。

[斎藤良輔]

弥次郎兵衛
東北地方のこけし形の弥次郎兵衛。人形も台も、ともにろくろ挽きしたもの©Shogakukan">

弥次郎兵衛


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