…The first islands in the Atlantic were discovered in the 15th century, such as Madeira, the Azores, and the Cape Verde Islands, and after the discovery of Brazil (1500), the first was the grant of the island of São João to Ferdinand Noronha in 1504. Between 34 and 36, the colony of Brazil was divided into 15 hereditary capitanias and given to 12 hereditary lords called donatários or governadors. The lords had civil and criminal jurisdiction over their territories, the right to make laws, to build towns on the coasts and along navigable rivers, the right to appoint ouvidors, notaries, and judicial officials, and the obligation to sell the royal lands to settlers free of charge (sesmaria). … From [Viceroyalty]...Initially he was given the right to reassign vacant encomiendas, but this resulted in discord among the Spaniards. Thus, although the viceroy held considerable privileges as governor (governador), inspector (capitan general) and prefect of the audiencia (presidente) in the capital, he had no direct involvement in the administration of justice and only acted as a supervisor over the administration of the other provinces. In other words, although power was apparently concentrated in the hands of the viceroy, it was considerably restricted in theory and in practice. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "governador" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…15世紀に発見された大西洋のマデイラ,アゾレス,カボ・ベルデ諸島などにまず適用され,ブラジル発見(1500)の後は,1504年フェルナンド・ノロニャにサン・ジョアン島を与えたのが最初の例である。34年から36年にかけて,ブラジル植民地は15の世襲カピタニアcapitaniaに分割され,12人のドナタリオdonatárioまたはゴベルナドールgovernadorと呼ばれる世襲領主に与えられた。領主は,領域内で王権を背景に民事および刑事裁判権をもち,法律を制定し,海岸と可航河川沿いに町vilaを建設し,聴訴官ouvidor,公証人,司法職員を任命する権利をもち,王の土地を入植者に無料分譲(セズマリアsesmaria)する義務を負った。… 【副王制】より…当初は空位エンコミエンダの再割当てを行う権利を与えられていたが,その結果,スペイン人の間に不和対立が生じることになった。このように,副王は居住する地方の総督(ゴベルナドルgovernador),総監(カピタン・ヘネラルcapitan general)および首都にあるアウディエンシアの長官(プレシデンテpresidente)としてかなりの特権を掌握していたが,司法には直接関与することができず,他の地方の行政に対してももっぱら監視役を務めたにすぎない。すなわち,外見上権力は副王の手に集中していたが,その権力は理論的にも実際面でもかなりの制約を受けていた。… ※「governador」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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