A field of study that studies the behavior of radioactive materials in the human environment and their biological effects. It developed by tracking the behavior of radioactive fallout following atmospheric nuclear tests, and currently provides the basis for estimating the radiation dose of residents from environmental radiation caused by nuclear facilities. It is usually divided into marine radioecology and terrestrial radioecology, focusing on the location. In marine radioecology, the main issue is elucidating the concentration or transfer factor of radioactive materials from seawater to marine organisms or sediments, and the various factors that modify it. In terrestrial radioecology, the main research topics are the deposition rate from the air to agricultural products, the transfer from soil to plants, the transfer from plants to animals, the behavior of radionuclides in soil, and the behavior of radionuclides in river water and groundwater systems. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
放射性物質の人間環境中での挙動ならびにそれによる生物影響に関する学問。大気中での核実験にひき続いて大量に降下した放射性降下物の環境中での挙動を追跡することにより発達し,現在では原子力施設等に起因する環境放射能による住民の被曝(ひばく)線量推定にあたっての基礎を提供している。場所に着目して,海洋放射生態学および陸上放射生態学に分けて考えるのが普通である。海洋放射生態学では,海水から海産生物あるいは底質への放射性物質への濃縮係数あるいは移行係数とそれを修飾する種々の因子の解明が主要な課題であり,陸上放射生態学では,大気から農産物への沈着率,土壌から植物への移行,植物から動物への移行,土壌中での放射性核種の挙動,河川水および地下水系での放射性核種の挙動などが大きな研究課題である。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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