Rolland, Romain

Japanese: ロラン(英語表記)Rolland, Romain
Rolland, Romain
[Born] January 29, 1866. Clamecy, Nièvre
[Died] December 30, 1944. Vezelay, Yonne. French novelist and playwright. Studied at the École Normale Supérieure (Higher Normal School). After writing historical plays such as Le Quatorze-Juillet (1902) with the ideal of popular drama, he published biographies of geniuses who never ceased to pursue their ideals, such as Vie de Beethoven (03). He gained worldwide fame with Jean-Christophe (04-12), a long novel depicting the life of a musician. He had a deep understanding of German culture, and during World War I he published Au-dessus de la mêlée (15), which criticized the narrow-minded patriotism of both France and Germany from an internationalist standpoint, causing a stir. His other works include the novel Colas Breugnon (19), which shows the freedom of Rabelaisian writing, and the magnum opus L'Âme enchantée (7 vols., 22-33). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1915.

Loran
LORAN; long range navigation

A type of hyperbolic navigation that uses pulsed radio waves, and is a widely used long-distance radio navigation method. It uses the principle that "the locus of points where the time difference between the arrival of pulsed radio waves from two fixed points is a hyperbola." For example, if there are two stations, A and B, that emit Loran radio waves, and station A is the master station and station B is the slave station (usually installed 300 nautical miles, or about 556 km apart), they are considered as a pair of stations, and the receiver determines a single hyperbola as a position line on a nautical chart using a Loran table or Loran chart from the time difference between the pulses of the pair of stations. When Loran position lines from other paired stations are obtained, the ship's position can be found as the intersection of these lines. It was put into practical use during World War II, and after the war, Loran facilities were completed in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. In Japan, the Japan Coast Guard installed Loran A stations in Ochiishi, Okamazaki, Hasaki, Hachijojima, Matsumae, Niigata, Yonago, Tsushima, Nomaike in Kagoshima, Miyakojima, and Kesaji, and they began to be used by fishing boats and other vessels. It uses a frequency band of 1750 to 1950 kHz, with an effective range of 700 nautical miles during the day and 1400 nautical miles at night.

Loran
Lorrain, Claude

[Draft] 1600. Champagne
[Died] November 23, 1682. Rome. A painter born in France and active in Rome. His real name was Claude Gellée. He was also known as Le Laurent or Claude. He went to Rome in 1613 as an apprentice confectioner, and under the influence of A. Tassi, he turned to painting. He returned to Japan briefly, but settled in Rome in 1627. Influenced by P. Bril and N. Poussin, he painted landscapes in bright tones, which won him the recognition of Pope Urban VIII. He was skilled in landscapes based on the Bible and mythology, observing the subtle changes in light in the foreground, middle ground, and background of streams and seaside, and arranging the simple compositions of classical architecture in his paintings. He was a pioneer of the 19th century plein air school. In addition to oil paintings, he also produced copperplate prints. His major works include "Dawn at the Port of Campobacchino" (1636, Louvre Museum) and "The Departure of the Queen of Sheba" (1648, National Gallery, London). He also has six books containing sketches of his own works, Liber Veritatis (c. 1944).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1866.1.29. ニエーブル,クラムシー
[没]1944.12.30. ヨンヌ,ベズレー
フランスの小説家,劇作家。エコール・ノルマル・シュペリュール (高等師範学校) に学ぶ。民衆劇の理想を掲げて『7月 14日』 Le Quatorze-Juillet (1902) などの歴史劇を書いたのち,『ベートーベンの生涯』 Vie de Beethoven (03) などの理想を追求してやまぬ天才たちの伝記を発表,ある音楽家の生涯を描く大河小説『ジャン=クリストフ』 Jean-Christophe (04~12) によって世界的な名声を得た。ドイツ文化に深い理解を示し,第1次世界大戦に際しては,国際主義の立場からフランス,ドイツ両国の偏狭な愛国主義を批判する『戦いを超えて』 Au-dessus de la mêlée (15) を発表,波紋を投げた。ほかに,ラブレー的な闊達さを示す小説『コラ・ブルニョン』 Colas Breugnon (19) ,大作『魅せられたる魂』L'Âme enchantée (7巻,22~33) などがある。 1915年ノーベル文学賞受賞。

ロラン
LORAN; long range navigation

パルス電波を利用する双曲線航法の一種で,広く現用されている長距離電波航法方式。「2定点からのパルス電波の到達時間差が一定となる点の軌跡は双曲線となる」という原理を利用するもので,たとえば,ロラン電波を発するA,Bの2局があって,A局を主局,B局を従局 (普通 300海里,約 556km離れて設置) とすれば,これを組局とし,受信機でその組局のパルスの時間差からロラン表またはロラン図を用いて海図上に位置の線としての双曲線がただ1本決定され,他の組局からのロラン位置の線が得られると,それらの交点として船位が求められる。第2次世界大戦で実用化され,戦後は太平洋と大西洋にロラン設備が完備。日本では海上保安庁が落石,大釜崎,波崎,八丈島,松前,新潟,米子,対馬,鹿児島の野間池,宮古島,慶佐次などにロランA局を設置し,漁船などにも利用されるようになった。 1750~1950kHzの周波数帯を用い,有効範囲は昼間 700海里,夜間 1400海里とされる。

ロラン
Lorrain, Claude

[生]1600. シャンパーニュ
[没]1682.11.23. ローマ
フランスで生れローマで活躍した画家。本名 Claude Gellée。ル・ローランまたはクロードとも呼ばれる。菓子職人の見習いとして 1613年ローマにおもむき,A.タッシの影響で画家に転向。一時帰国したこともあるが,27年以来ローマに定住。 P.ブリルや N.プーサンの影響を受け,明るい色調の風景画を描いて,教皇ウルバヌス8世に認められた。小川や海辺の前景,中景,後景にある光の微妙な変化を観察し,古典建築の簡潔な構成を画面に配して,聖書や神話に取材した風景画を得意とした。 19世紀の外光派の先駆的存在。油彩のほか銅版画も制作。主要作品『カンポバッチーノ港の暁』 (1636,ルーブル美術館) ,『シバの女王の船出』 (48,ロンドン,ナショナル・ギャラリー) など。なお自作をスケッチした6冊の画帳『リーベル・ベリタティス』 (44頃) がある。

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