Chest pain

Japanese: 胸痛 - きょうつう
Chest pain

Chest pain is a fairly common symptom that patients complain of, and can be either benign or severe. There are three types of chest pain that require emergency treatment: myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, and tension pneumothorax.

The lungs do not have sensory nerves, so lesions limited to the lungs do not cause pain. If lung lesions spread to adjacent tissues such as the pleura or ribs, chest pain occurs. Chest pain caused by the lungs is severe in cases of bronchial foreign bodies and pulmonary infarction, with primary lung cancer being of major clinical significance. If lung cancer invades the pleura and further into the chest wall to reach the intercostal nerves, the pain becomes severe. Patients with pleural diseases often complain of chest pain, which increases especially when taking a deep breath. The main diseases are pleurisy and spontaneous pneumothorax. When an embolism occurs in the pulmonary artery, it is called a pulmonary embolism, and a large embolism can cause chest pain and difficulty breathing.

Representative chest pains caused by abnormalities in the heart are angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The pain of myocardial infarction is a feeling of strangulation (a tightness), while the chest pain of a dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs suddenly and is a severe, tearing pain. Chest pains that occur in the chest wall can be caused by cold abscesses, shingles, rib fractures, etc.

[Tomoyuki Yamaguchi]

[References] | Pleurisy | Myocardial infarction

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

胸部に感ずる痛みは患者の訴える症状のなかで、かなり頻度が高く、たちのよいものや悪いものもある。緊急処置を必要とする胸痛は、心筋梗塞(こうそく)、肺梗塞、緊張性気胸の三つである。

 肺には知覚神経がないので、肺だけに限局する病変では痛みをおこさない。肺の病変が胸膜、肋骨(ろっこつ)などの隣接組織に波及すると、胸痛がおこる。肺に起因する胸痛で激痛がおこるのは気管支異物と肺梗塞で、臨床的意義の大きいのは原発性肺癌(がん)である。肺癌が胸膜からさらに胸壁に浸潤して肋間神経に及ぶと痛みは激しくなる。胸膜疾患では胸痛を訴えることが多く、とくに深吸気時に痛みを増す。おもな疾患は胸膜炎と自然気胸である。肺動脈に塞栓がおこると肺塞栓とよばれ、大きな塞栓では胸痛、呼吸困難をおこす。

 心臓の異常によっておこる胸痛の代表は、狭心症と心筋梗塞である。心筋梗塞の痛みは絞扼(こうやく)感(締め付けられるような感じ)であるが、解離性大動脈瘤(りゅう)の胸痛は突然おこり、引き裂かれるような激痛である。なお、胸壁におこる胸痛としては、冷膿瘍(のうよう)、帯状疱疹(ほうしん)、肋骨骨折などによるものがある。

[山口智道]

[参照項目] | 胸膜炎 | 心筋梗塞

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