The standard amount of work that a worker should complete within a certain amount of time. Prior to F.W. Taylor's scientific management, these tasks were set in an unscientific manner that relied solely on experience, and so there were constant disputes between labor and management over the setting of these tasks and the wage rates, which had a major impact on the work. In order to resolve the labor-management problem of wage rate cuts by management due to the computational setting of tasks, and the response of workers to organized idleness, Taylor devised a method of measuring the time required for work through time study and setting standard amounts of work, or tasks, scientifically. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
労働者が一定時間内になし終えるべき標準作業量。 F. W.テーラーの科学的管理法以前は,この課業が経験のみに頼る非科学的方法で設定されたので,この課業設定あるいはこれが大きな影響を与える賃率設定をめぐって労使間の紛争が絶えなかった。テーラーは,目の子算的課業設定が引起した経営者側の賃率切下げと,それに対処する労働者側の組織的怠業というこの労使問題を解決するために,時間研究によって作業に要する時間を測定し,科学的に標準作業量すなわち課業を設定する方法を考案した。
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