Hulse, Russell Alan

Japanese: ハルス(英語表記)Hulse, Russell Alan
Hulse, Russell Alan
Born November 28, 1950, New York. American physicist. After studying at Cooper Union College in New York, he received his PhD in physics from the University of Massachusetts in 1975. While a graduate student at the same university, he began research under J. H. Taylor. In 1974, while observing with Taylor using a large radio telescope in Puerto Rico, he discovered a group of pulsars, observing that they were neutron stars that emitted radio waves in short, regular cycles and rotated at high speeds. The radio emissions of one of these pulsars, named PSR1913+16, were irregular, leading him to conclude that it was a binary star with a neutron star. He also observed that the two stars were shortening their distance from each other as they increased in speed, which he concluded was due to the binary pulsar releasing energy to emit gravitational waves. Their discovery was evaluated as a proof of the theory of gravity described by Einstein in his general theory of relativity. In 1977, he changed his research field and became a professor at the Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory, where he continues to conduct research on the Tokamak-type critical plasma test device, an experimental facility for thermonuclear fusion power generation. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Taylor.

Hals
Hals, Francis

Born: 1581/1585. Antwerp, Spanish Netherlands
Died: August 29, 1666. Haarlem, Netherlands. Dutch painter. Specializing in portraits and groups, he is said to be the second greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt van Rijn. He moved to Haarlem with his family at an early age and remained there his whole life. He developed an original and natural style of painting. His major works include eight group portraits, such as The Caretakers of St. Elisabeth Hospital (1641) and The Caretaker of a Nursing Home (1664), which are in the collection of the Frans Hals Museum in Haarlem, as well as a private portrait, The Laughing Knight (1624, Wallace Collection, London). His seven children also became painters, three of whom are known as genre painters and one is a landscape painter. His younger brother was also active as a genre painter.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1950.11.28. ニューヨーク
アメリカの物理学者。ニューヨークのクーパー・ユニオン・カレッジで学んだのち,1975年マサチューセッツ大学で物理学の博士号を取得。同大学大学院生時代に J.H.テーラーのもとで研究を始める。 1974年テーラーとともにプエルトリコの大型電波望遠鏡を使った観測中にパルサー群を発見,短く規則正しい周期で電波を放出し高速度で自転する中性子星であることを観測。そのなかの PSR1913+16と名づけられたパルサーの電波放出が変則的だったことから,中性子星を伴う連星であるとの結論に達した。また,2つの星は速度を上げながら互いの距離を縮めていることを観測,それが連星パルサーが重力波を放出するためにエネルギーを放出するからだとした。彼らの発見はアインシュタインが一般相対性理論のなかで述べた重力理論を実証するものと評価された。 77年以降研究分野を転換,プリンストン大学プラズマ物理研究所教授となり,熱核融合発電に向けた実験施設であるトカマク型臨界プラズマ試験装置に関する研究を続けている。 93年テーラーとともにノーベル物理学賞を受賞。

ハルス
Hals, Frans

[生]1581/1585. スペイン領ネーデルラント,アントウェルペン
[没]1666.8.29. オランダ,ハールレム
オランダの画家。個人の肖像,群像を得意とし,レンブラント・ファン・レインに次ぐオランダの偉大な画家といわれる。幼少期に家族とともにハールレムに移り,生涯同地で活躍。独創的で自然な作風を発展させた。主要作品は『聖エリザベート病院の管理人たち』(1641),『養老院の婦人管理人たち』(1664)などハールレムのフランス・ハルス美術館蔵の 8点の群像のほか,個人肖像画『笑う騎士』(1624,ロンドン,ウォレス・コレクション)など。7人の子供も画家となり,そのうち 3人は風俗画家,1人は風景画家として知られる。また弟も風俗画家として活躍した。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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