Born November 28, 1950, New York. American physicist. After studying at Cooper Union College in New York, he received his PhD in physics from the University of Massachusetts in 1975. While a graduate student at the same university, he began research under J. H. Taylor. In 1974, while observing with Taylor using a large radio telescope in Puerto Rico, he discovered a group of pulsars, observing that they were neutron stars that emitted radio waves in short, regular cycles and rotated at high speeds. The radio emissions of one of these pulsars, named PSR1913+16, were irregular, leading him to conclude that it was a binary star with a neutron star. He also observed that the two stars were shortening their distance from each other as they increased in speed, which he concluded was due to the binary pulsar releasing energy to emit gravitational waves. Their discovery was evaluated as a proof of the theory of gravity described by Einstein in his general theory of relativity. In 1977, he changed his research field and became a professor at the Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory, where he continues to conduct research on the Tokamak-type critical plasma test device, an experimental facility for thermonuclear fusion power generation. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Taylor. Hals |
[生]1950.11.28. ニューヨーク アメリカの物理学者。ニューヨークのクーパー・ユニオン・カレッジで学んだのち,1975年マサチューセッツ大学で物理学の博士号を取得。同大学大学院生時代に J.H.テーラーのもとで研究を始める。 1974年テーラーとともにプエルトリコの大型電波望遠鏡を使った観測中にパルサー群を発見,短く規則正しい周期で電波を放出し高速度で自転する中性子星であることを観測。そのなかの PSR1913+16と名づけられたパルサーの電波放出が変則的だったことから,中性子星を伴う連星であるとの結論に達した。また,2つの星は速度を上げながら互いの距離を縮めていることを観測,それが連星パルサーが重力波を放出するためにエネルギーを放出するからだとした。彼らの発見はアインシュタインが一般相対性理論のなかで述べた重力理論を実証するものと評価された。 77年以降研究分野を転換,プリンストン大学プラズマ物理研究所教授となり,熱核融合発電に向けた実験施設であるトカマク型臨界プラズマ試験装置に関する研究を続けている。 93年テーラーとともにノーベル物理学賞を受賞。 ハルス
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