Irish Republican Union - Irish Republican Union

Japanese: アイルランド共和主義同盟 - あいるらんどきょうわしゅぎどうめい
Irish Republican Union - Irish Republican Union

...the abbreviation for the Catholic illegal military organization, the Irish Republican Army, which aimed to make the whole island of Ireland an independent republic. Its origins are said to lie in the military organization of the Irish Republican Union (IRB, founded in 1858), but it first appeared in history as the Irish Volunteers during the Easter Rising (1916). After the Irish National Assembly was held by Sinn Féin members in 1919 and the independence of the Republic was declared, the volunteers became known as the IRA and fought in the War of Independence against Britain as regular troops.

From Ireland

...Influenced by the Great Famine and the February Revolution in France, the Young Ireland Party launched a republican movement for national independence, planning an uprising in 1848 but failing. Some of its leaders founded the Irish Republican Union (IRB) in 1858, and the following year, immigrants to America organized the Finian movement to support the IRB. In the second half of the 19th century, the Irish National Party led by CS Parnell promoted a movement for self-government in Parliament, while also organizing peasants to form the Land League (1879) and waging a land war calling for the stabilization of tenant rights, lower rents, and the restoration of land ownership. ...

From the Easter Rising

…It began in Dublin on 24 April 1916 (Easter Monday) and ended with fighting in County Cork on 1 May. The British called it the Sinn Féin Rebellion, but it had no direct connection to the Sinn Féin party. The IRB (Irish Republican Union) military committee planned the island-wide uprising. During World War I, Britain tried to purchase weapons from Germany, Britain's enemy, but failed to deliver them, which caused confusion within the leadership, and the uprising was almost entirely confined to Dublin. …

From Finnian

...the nickname given to the Fenian Brotherhood, which was formed in the United States in April 1859 in response to the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB, formed in March 1858), a secret military organization with the goal of Irish independence and the establishment of a republic, and its participants. When Gaelic scholar John O'Mahony (1816-77) formed the brotherhood in America, he named it after the Fianna, a legendary ancient Irish warrior group.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to the "Irish Republican Union" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…アイルランド全島の独立共和国化をめざすカトリック系の非合法軍事組織〈アイルランド共和主義軍団Irish Republican Army〉の略称。萌芽形態はアイルランド共和主義同盟(IRB,1858結成)の軍事組織にあるとされるが,イースター蜂起(1916)でアイルランド義勇兵として初めて歴史の表面に出る。1919年のシン・フェーン党議員によるアイルランド国民議会の開催,共和国の独立宣言後,義勇兵はIRAと呼ばれ,正規軍としてイギリスを相手に独立戦争を戦った。…

【アイルランド】より

…大飢饉とフランスの二月革命の影響をうけて,青年アイルランド党が共和主義的な民族自立の運動を展開し,48年に蜂起を計画するが失敗に終わる。その指導者の一部が58年アイルランド共和主義同盟(IRB)を創設,翌年にはアメリカに渡った移民がIRBを支援するためにフィニアンの運動を組織した。19世紀後半には,C.S.パーネルの率いるアイルランド国民党が議会において自治権獲得の運動を進める一方,農民を組織して土地同盟(1879)を結成し,小作権の安定,小作料の引下げ,土地所有権の回復を求める土地戦争を展開した。…

【イースター蜂起】より

…1916年4月24日(イースター月曜日)にダブリンで開始され,5月1日のコーク県での戦闘で終息した。イギリス側は〈シン・フェーンの反乱〉と呼んだが,シン・フェーン党とは直接の関係はなく,IRB(アイルランド共和主義同盟)内の軍事委員会が全島的な蜂起を計画した。第1次大戦中で,イギリスの敵国ドイツから武器を購入するが搬入に失敗し,指導部内にも混乱が生じて,蜂起はほとんどダブリン市内だけで行われた。…

【フィニアン】より

…アイルランド独立と共和国樹立を目的とする秘密軍事組織アイルランド共和主義同盟Irish Republican Brotherhood(略称IRB,1858年3月結成)に呼応して,1859年4月アメリカ合衆国内で組織されたフィニアン同盟Fenian Brotherhood,およびその参加者たちを指す通称。ゲーリック語学者でもあったオマホニーJohn O’Mahony(1816‐77)がアメリカで同盟を結成する際,古代アイルランドの伝説的な戦士団フィアナFiannaにちなんで命名した。…

※「アイルランド共和主義同盟」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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