A system of governance adopted in China. It refers to the coexistence of two systems, socialism and capitalism, within one country. In Chinese, it is called "one country, two systems" and abbreviated as "one country, two systems." It is said to have been proposed by Deng Xiaoping, the most powerful man in the Chinese Communist Party, in the late 1970s in order to peacefully resolve the Taiwan issue. Later, Ye Jianying, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, included in his speech on the Taiwan issue in 1981 that if Taiwan agreed to peaceful unification with China, China would respect the current situation in Taiwan, allow it to have a high degree of autonomy and possess an army, and guarantee that the economic and social system would not be changed. In 1997, the one country, two systems system was first introduced in Hong Kong, which was returned from the UK, and Hong Kong was guaranteed a special status, including a "high degree of autonomy" except for foreign affairs and defense, for 50 years after the return. In 1999, it was also applied to Macau, which was returned from Portugal. In June 2014, the Chinese government published a white paper titled "The Implementation of 'One Country, Two Systems' in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region", in which it stated that "one country, two systems has contributed to Hong Kong's long-term prosperity and stability." However, since the handover, the Chinese government has interfered in Hong Kong's elections and freedom of speech, and many Hong Kong citizens claim that the system is not being respected. As a result, there have been frequent citizen demonstrations since 2013 in protest against the Chinese government's interference in Hong Kong's electoral system. [Akio Yaita] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国で採用されている統治方式。一つの国のなかに社会主義と資本主義の二つの制度が共存していることをさす。中国語では「一個国家、両種制度」といい、「一国両制」と略す。中国共産党の最高実力者であった鄧小平(とうしょうへい/トンシヤオピン)が、1970年代末に台湾問題を平和解決するために提案したものとされる。その後、全国人民代表大会常務委員会委員長であった葉剣英(ようけんえい/イエチエンイン)が1981年に発表した台湾問題に関する談話に、中国との平和統一に応じれば、中国は台湾の現状を尊重し、高度な自治権と軍隊の保有を容認し、経済社会制度を変えないことを保証する、という内容が盛り込まれた。1997年にはイギリスから返還された香港(ホンコン)で一国二制度が初めて導入され、返還後の50年間にわたり香港に外交と防衛を除く「高度な自治」など特別な地位が保証された。1999年にはポルトガルから返還されたマカオにも適用された。中国政府は2014年6月に「『一国二制度』の香港特別行政区における実践」と題する白書を発表し「一国二制度は香港の長期にわたる繁栄と安定に寄与した」などと評価したが、返還後、中国政府は香港の選挙や言論の自由に干渉し、制度が守られていないと主張する香港市民も多く、2013年以降、中国政府による香港の選挙制度への干渉に抗議する市民デモが頻発している。 [矢板明夫] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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