Generally speaking, it refers to forcing an individual or group to make a certain decision or take a certain action through the threat, display, or actual use of force or pressure. In terms of the form of coercion, it can be divided into (1) psychological coercion, (2) physical coercion, and (3) social coercion. (1) has been used since ancient times, but in modern times, especially with the development of technology to manipulate the psychology of individuals and groups, a method is used in which various images and symbols are unilaterally sent to achieve one's intentions. (2) is a method of achieving a goal by displaying or exercising physical force (such as the police or military). (3) is a method of bringing about a certain intended result through the medium of social values (such as customs and rituals) and public norms (laws and political institutions). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
一般に,力や圧力による脅迫あるいはその誇示や実際の行使を媒介として,一定の決定や行動を個人ないし集団に強いることをさす。強制の形態からみれば,(1) 心理的強制,(2) 物理的強制,(3) 社会的強制に分けられる。 (1) は古くから行われてきたが,特に現代においては個人や集団の心理を操作する技術の発達によって多様なイメージやシンボルを一方的に送り込んで,意図を実現する方法がとられている。 (2) は物理的実力 (警察や軍隊など) を誇示あるいは行使することによって目的を達成する方法である。 (3) は社会的な価値 (慣習や儀式など) や公的規範 (法や政治諸制度) を媒介として,一定の意図する結果をもたらす方法である。
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