A traditional self-governing body that has existed since ancient times in rural India. As the name Pancha (meaning "five" in Sanskrit) indicates, it is composed of five or more village elders. There are village panchayats and caste panchayats, and these have functioned together. Village panchayats were formed for one or several villages and resolved various village problems and disputes, but after British rule, many of their functions were transferred to the courts, and their role is said to have diminished. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
インドの農村に古代からある伝統的な自治機関で,名称のパンチャ(サンスクリットで〈5〉の意味)が示すとおり,5人,一般にはそれ以上の村の長老によって構成される。パンチャーヤットには村落パンチャーヤットとカースト・パンチャーヤットがあり,これらは共存して機能してきた。村落パンチャーヤットは一村あるいは数ヵ村を単位として構成され,村のさまざまな問題や紛争を解決してきたが,イギリス支配とともにその機能の多くが裁判所の取扱事項とされたため,その役割は減少したといわれる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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