National Theatre Association of Ireland

Japanese: アイルランド国民劇場協会 - あいるらんどこくみんげきじょうきょうかい

...The Irish Literary Theatre was founded in 1899 with the help of Yeats and Mrs. Gregory, and this can be considered the beginning of theatre in Ireland. The movement, which gathered comrades with the goal of seeking subject matter not from commercial or naturalistic theatre in England or Europe, but from the myths, folk traditions and social realities of the homeland, while excluding political partisanship and raising awareness of true national culture, developed into the Irish National Theatre Society in 1903, and in 1904, with the support of Miss Horniman, the Abbey Theatre, the Irish National Theatre Society's headquarters, was built in Dublin. Most of Yeats' plays were premiered here, from On Bahria Beach (premiered in 1904), which deals with the legendary hero Cuchulain, to Purgatory (premiered in 1938), which he wrote in his final years. Other masterpieces include Mrs. Gregory's Moonrise (premiered in 1907), which deals with an escaped independence activist, and JM Synge's simple tragedy The Riders to the Sea (premiered in 1904), which depicts the misfortunes of poor fishermen living on the Aran Islands.

From [Irish Literature]

… In 1899, Yeats founded the Irish Literary Theatre, and thus began a full-fledged theatrical movement. In the early days, in addition to Yeats's folk tale plays, the movement's direction was not necessarily set; plays by Edward Martin and George Moore, influenced by Ibsen, and Hyde's plays written in Gaelic were performed; however, in 1902, the group acquired a company of Irish amateur actors organized by the Fay brothers, and the following year it was reorganized as the Irish National Theatre Association, with Yeats, Mrs. Gregory, and Synge joining, and they produced a succession of excellent works. In 1904, they opened the Abbey Theatre, and built their golden age on this base. …

From [Abbey Theatre]

…A theatre in Dublin, Ireland. Based on the Irish National Theatre Association, which was founded by Yeats and Gregory, it opened in 1904 with financial support from Annie Horniman (1860-1937). It staged plays by these two authors, as well as those by Synge and O'Casey, and aimed to establish Irish theatre.

From Yates

…In 1889, he published his first collection of poems, “The Wanderings of Athene,” which was filled with a longing for the unreal, characteristic of Celtic culture. In 1899, in collaboration with his patron, Mrs. Gregory, he founded the Irish Literary Theatre (later the Irish National Theatre Association). His contact with social reality through the management of its home theater, the Abbey Theatre, combined with his plays based on Irish legends, such as “Kathleen Ni Houlihan” (premiered in 1902), helped him to mature as a poet. …

*The following is a selection of glossaries that refer to the "National Theatre Association of Ireland".

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…1899年，イェーツとグレゴリー夫人の協力によるアイルランド文芸劇場Irish Literary Theatreの設立から，この国の演劇は始まると考えてよい。イギリスやヨーロッパの商業的あるいは自然主義的演劇の模倣ではなく，祖国の神話，民俗的伝統，また社会的現実に題材を求めること，ただし政治的党派性を排して，真の民族的文化の自覚を高めること――このような目標をかかげて同志を集めた運動は，1903年アイルランド国民劇場協会Irish National Theatre Societyへと発展し，04年にはホーニマン女史の援助でダブリンに拠点劇場アベー座が建てられた。伝説的英雄クーフリンを扱った《バーリアの浜辺で》(1904初演)から最晩年の《煉獄》(1938初演)にいたるイェーツの戯曲のほとんどがここで初演されたほか，脱獄した独立運動家を扱ったグレゴリー夫人の《月の出》(1907初演)，アラン諸島に生きる貧しい漁民たちの不幸を描いたJ.M.シングの簡潔な悲劇《海へ騎（の）りゆく人々》(1904初演)などの秀作が生まれた。…

【アイルランド文学】より

…　1899年，イェーツはアイルランド文芸劇場を設立して，本格的な演劇運動に入る。初期にあっては，イェーツの民話劇のほかに，イプセンの影響を受けたエドワード･マーティンやジョージ･ムーアの劇や，ゲール語で書かれたハイドの劇が上演されるなど，運動の方針は必ずしも定まらなかったが，1902年フェイ兄弟の組織するアイルランド素人俳優の劇団を得，翌年アイルランド国民劇場協会に改組，イェーツ，グレゴリー夫人，シングが加わり，優れた作品を次々に生み出した。04年にはアベー座を開設，ここを拠点にして黄金時代を築きあげた。…

【アベー座】より

…アイルランド，ダブリンの劇場。イェーツ，グレゴリー夫人らが結成したアイルランド国民劇場協会を母体として，1904年にホーニマンAnnie Horniman女史(1860‐1937)の財政援助をえて開場。両作家のほかシング，オケーシーなどの戯曲を上演し，アイルランド演劇の確立をめざした。…

【イェーツ】より

…1889年，ケルト文化特有の非現実への憧れにみちた処女詩集《アシーンの放浪》を出版。良きパトロンのグレゴリー夫人と語らって，99年アイルランド文芸劇場(のちにアイルランド国民劇場協会)を設立。その本拠アベー座の運営による社会的現実との接触は，《キャスリーン･ニ･フーリハン》(1902初演)をはじめとするアイルランド伝説に題材を得た劇作とあいまって，詩人としての成熟をも促した。…

※「アイルランド国民劇場協会」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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