Emperor Jianwen

The second emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China (reigned 1398-1402). His given name was Zhu Yinwen. His posthumous name was Hui Di. He is known as the Jianwen Emperor because of the era name. He was the grandson of Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and the second son of Crown Prince Yiwen. In 1392, he became the grandson of Emperor Taizu after his father, who was also the crown prince, died, and in 1398, he succeeded to the throne when Emperor Taizu died. Immediately after ascending to the throne, he conspired with his aides to force the abolition of Emperor Taizu's sons who had been given fiefs as kings in various regions. This caused the King of Yan (Emperor Yongle) in Beiping (Beijing) to raise an army, which led to the so-called Jingnan Rebellion. After four years of fighting, in June 1402, the King of Yan captured the capital (Nanjing), and when the city fell, he threw himself into the flames and died.

[Takanobu Terada]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)朝第2代皇帝（在位1398～1402）。姓名は朱炆仝(しゅいんぶん)。諡号(しごう)は恵帝。年号により建文帝とよばれる。太祖朱元璋(しゅげんしょう)の孫、懿文(いぶん)皇太子の次子。1392年、皇太子であった父が死去したあと皇太孫となり、98年に太祖が没すると帝位を継いだ。即位の直後から、側近と謀って、各地に王として分封されていた太祖の諸子の廃絶を強行した。そのため、北平（北京(ペキン)）にあった燕(えん)王（永楽帝）は挙兵し、いわゆる靖難(せいなん)の変が起こった。4年間の戦闘ののち、1402年6月、燕王に京師(けいし)（南京(ナンキン)）を攻略され、落城にあたり兵火に身を投じて死去した。

［寺田隆信］

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