It is often abbreviated as the Ainu Culture Act or the Ainu Culture Promotion Act. Its official name is the Act on the Promotion of Ainu Culture and the Dissemination and Awareness-raising of Knowledge of Ainu Traditions, etc., and it came into force on July 1, 1997. This Act is made up of 13 articles and supplementary provisions, including definitions, responsibilities of the national and local governments, considerations in policies, basic guidelines, basic plans, designations, operations, business plans, etc., collection of reports and on-site inspections, improvement orders, cancellation of designations, etc., and penalties, starting with the purpose in Article 1. Article 1 states that "In consideration of the circumstances in which Ainu traditions and Ainu culture, which are the source of pride for the Ainu people, are placed, the purpose of this Act is to promote measures to promote Ainu culture and to disseminate and raise awareness of knowledge of Ainu traditions, etc., thereby realizing a society in which the ethnic pride of the Ainu people is respected, and also to contribute to the development of diverse cultures in our country." In other words, it is the first time that the Ainu are recognized as an ethnic group under Japanese law, and requires that the national and local governments guarantee that the Ainu people will continue to maintain their traditional culture and take measures to facilitate this. Furthermore, it requires that they disseminate and raise awareness of the existence of the Ainu people and culture not only to the Ainu people but to the general public in Japan. In addition, when the law was enacted, an additional resolution was passed stating that "the indigenous nature of the Ainu people is a historical fact." The Ainu Culture Promotion Organization (headquarters in Sapporo), a foundation that will implement policies based on this law, was established and began operations. One particularly noteworthy operation is the launch of an Ainu language learning program (with textbooks) on the radio in April 1998. However, as of 1998, broadcasts are limited to Hokkaido, and it would be desirable to see this and other public awareness-raising operations expanded nationwide. With the enforcement of this law, the Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Law (Old Law) enacted in 1899 (Meiji 32) and related laws were abolished. In other words, the Old Law was legislation for the region of Hokkaido, and the new law is positioned as an extension of it. However, this law calls for the promotion of the dissemination and awareness of Ainu culture nationwide, and it seems that there is still room for new legal developments if local governments actively carry this out. To do this, it is necessary for the Ainu themselves to deepen their understanding in Japanese society through concrete actions, such as expressing their direction and will. [Kazuyoshi Otsuka] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アイヌ文化法、アイヌ文化振興法などと略称される。正式名称は「アイヌ文化の振興並びにアイヌの伝統等に関する知識の普及及び啓発に関する法律」で、1997年(平成9)7月1日に施行された。この法律は、第一条の目的から、定義、国及び地方公共団体の責務、施策における配慮、基本方針、基本計画、指定等、業務、事業計画等、報告の徴収および立入検査、改善命令、指定の取消し等、罰則にいたる第十三条および附則からなっている。その第一条には「アイヌの人々の誇りの源泉であるアイヌの伝統及びアイヌ文化が置かれている状況にかんがみ、アイヌ文化の振興ならびにアイヌの伝統等に関する知識の普及及び知識の啓発を図るための施策を推進することにより、アイヌの人々の民族としての誇りが尊重される社会の実現を図り、あわせて我が国の多様な文化の発展に寄与することを目的とする。」とされている。 つまり、アイヌを日本の法律のうえではじめて民族として認めており、アイヌの人たちが伝統的な文化を持続していくことを国と地方公共団体が保証し、その実行を容易にする施策を講じなければならないとしている。さらに、アイヌだけでなく広く日本国民にアイヌの民族と文化の存在について普及・啓発を行うことを義務づけている。また制定にあたって「アイヌの人々の先住性は歴史的事実」とする付帯決議がなされた。 この法律に基づいた施策を実施する母体となる財団法人「アイヌ文化振興・推進機構」(本部・札幌市)が発足し、事業をはじめた。なかでも注目される事業は、1998年4月から、ラジオでアイヌ語学習(テキストあり)の放送が開始されたことである。しかし放送は、1998年現在、北海道内に限られており、これをふくめた各種普及・啓発事業の全国的展開が望まれる。 この法律の施行によって、1899年(明治32)に制定された「北海道旧土人保護法(旧土法)」とこれに関連する法律は廃止された。すなわち、旧土法は北海道という地域に対する立法であり、その延長線に新法も位置付けられている。しかし、この法律は全国的なアイヌ文化の普及・啓発を推進することをうたっており、これを地方公共団体が活発に行うことによって、新たな法的な展開の余地を残していると思われる。それには、今後、アイヌ自身による方向付けと意思の表明など、具体的な行動によって日本社会の理解を深める必要がある。 [大塚和義] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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