…The gold standard collapsed, and soon we entered World War II. After World War II, the IMF system, centered on the gold exchange standard, was created. It adopted the ideas of the international gold standard and contained important parts of that system. … From [Dollar]…However, it was not until after World War II that the dollar's status as an international currency was established and perfected. The international monetary system under the Bretton Woods system after World War II was also called the International Monetary Fund (IMF) system, and was a gold-exchange standard system (gold-dollar standard system) that maintained a fixed exchange rate system. In other words, each country's currency was pegged to the dollar at a fixed rate, and the dollar was tied to gold at a fixed price (1 troy ounce of gold = $35). … From the Bretton Woods System…guaranteeing the convertibility of these two currencies at a fixed rate was an essential condition for maintaining this system. The Bretton Woods system, which was based on the premise of free foreign exchange transactions under a fixed exchange rate, was also called the IMF system, and although Western European countries frequently changed their exchange rates, the official price of gold in dollars remained unchanged until early 1968. However, in March of that year, the United States effectively stopped converting the dollar into gold, and the core of the system collapsed. … *Some of the terminology used in reference to the "IMF system" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…金本位制は崩れ去り,まもなく第2次大戦へ突入した。 第2次大戦後,金為替本位制を中心としたIMF体制が創設された。それは国際金本位制の理念を取り入れ,その制度の重要部分を具備していた。… 【ドル】より…しかし国際通貨としてのドルの地位が確立し,完全なものとなったのは,第2次大戦後である。 第2次大戦後のブレトン・ウッズ体制のもとでの国際通貨体制はIMF体制(IMF)ともいわれ,固定相場制を維持する金・為替本位制(金・ドル本位制)であった。すなわち各国通貨はドルへ固定相場で釘付けし,ドルは金へ固定価格(金1トロイオンス=35ドル)で結びついていた。… 【ブレトン・ウッズ体制】より…一定比率のもとでのこの二つの通貨の交換性convertibilityを保証することは,この体制の維持に欠くことのできない条件であった。固定為替相場のもとで自由な外国為替取引を前提とするブレトン・ウッズ体制はIMF体制ともよばれ,西ヨーロッパ諸国はしばしば為替相場を変更したが,金のドル表示公定価格は変更されることなく1968年初めまで続いた。しかし同年3月にアメリカは事実上ドルと金の兌換(だかん)を停止し,体制の中核は崩れた。… ※「IMF 体制」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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