A dispute between citizens and an administrative agency over the legality or illegality of the exercise of authority by the administrative agency is adjudicated according to formal court procedures. In the broad sense, it does not matter whether the institution that adjudicates is an administrative court or a judicial court. Administrative litigation in the above sense exists in common law countries and in Japan today, where a unified judicial court system is in place. The current Administrative Case Litigation Act stipulates the procedure for administrative litigation in this sense. In the narrow sense, it means that the above-mentioned administrative disputes are adjudicated by a court (administrative court) within the administrative authority, which is different from the ordinary court (judicial court). Originally, civil law countries such as Germany and France adopted a dual court system of judicial courts and administrative courts for historical reasons, so administrative litigation in this sense exists. Before World War II, Japan adopted a civil law system, but after the war, it adopted a unified judicial court system following the example of common law countries, so administrative litigation in the narrow sense does not exist. [Yasuhito Abe] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
行政庁の権限の行使の適法・違法をめぐって生ずる国民と行政庁との間の紛争を正式の裁判手続に従って裁判すること。広義では、これを裁判する機関が行政裁判所か司法裁判所かを問わない。司法裁判所一元制度がとられている英米法系諸国や現在の日本においても、前記の意味での行政訴訟は存在する。現行の行政事件訴訟法はこの意味での行政訴訟の手続を定めたものである。狭義では、前記の行政上の紛争につき通常裁判所(司法裁判所)とは系統を異にする行政権内部の裁判所(行政裁判所)が裁判することをいう。もともとドイツ、フランスなど大陸法系諸国では歴史的な事情から司法裁判所と行政裁判所という二元的な裁判制度を採用しているので、この意味での行政訴訟が存在することになる。第二次世界大戦前の日本では大陸法系の制度を採用していたが、戦後は英米法系諸国に倣い司法裁判所一元制度を採用したので、狭義の行政訴訟は存在していない。 [阿部泰隆] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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