Reflux condenser - Reflux condenser

A general term for condensers designed to cool and condense the steam produced by heating, and return the condensed liquid to the original distillation flask. Condensers can originally be used for both distillation and reflux, but there are many designers of condensers that are particularly suited to reflux. (a) in the figure is a Dimroth condenser, which is the most widely used. The cooling water flows through a spiral tube, and the steam has a large contact surface area with the cooling water, making it an efficient cooler. (b) is a ball-in condenser, which is the most commonly used type for refluxing organic chemical reactions, and is also called an Allihn condenser after its designer. (c) is an improved version of the Allihn condenser, which is designed so that condensed liquid accumulates in the balls and does not spray out. There are many other ideas, including metal condensers, double cooling for increased cooling efficiency, devices that increase the cooling area, and reflux condensers for reduced pressure.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

加熱によって生じた蒸気を冷却凝縮させ，凝縮液をふたたびもとの蒸留フラスコへ戻すような構造をもった冷却器の総称．冷却器はもともと蒸留用にも還流用にも使用できるが，とくに還流に適した冷却器には多くの創案者によるものがある．図の(a)はジムロート(Dimroth)冷却器で，もっとも広く用いられている．冷却水はらせん状の管を流れ，蒸気は冷却水との接触面が大きくなるので冷却効率がよい．(b)は有機化学反応の還流にもっとも一般的に用いられる玉入冷却器で，考案者の名からアリン(Allihn)冷却器ともいう．(c)はアリン冷却器の改良型で，凝縮した液体が玉にたまって上へ吹き出すことがないようになっている．このほかに金属製冷却器，冷却能率を高くした二重冷却，冷却面積増加の工夫，減圧用還流冷却器など多くの考案がある．

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