Pontryagin, Lev Semënovich

Japanese: ポントリャーギン（英語表記）Pontryagin， Lev Semënovich

Born: September 3, 1908 in Trubchevsk
[Died] May 3, 1988.
Soviet mathematician. Born into a poor family, he received his primary education at a four-year primary school. At the age of 14, he lost his sight in an explosion. After that, his mother, Tatyana, read books to him and wrote notes for him. In 1925, he entered Moscow University. He showed interest in all aspects of mathematics, especially in topology, and studied under PS Alexandrov. He graduated from Moscow University (1929) and became a professor at Moscow University (35). While still a student, he published a paper refining Alexandrov's duality theorem. He then continued his research into dimensional theory and topological group theory, and the results of these studies were compiled in the historic work "Theory of Continuous Groups" (38). This book won the Stalin Prize in 1941. In the 1930s, he also began research into ordinary differential equations, and in 1952 he hosted seminars on vibration theory and automatic control theory. In 1956, he began research into optimal processes in automatic control, during which he discovered the so-called "Pontryagin maximum principle." In 1961 he was awarded the Lenin Prize for his work on ordinary differential equations and their applications.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1908.9.3. トルブチェフスク
[没]1988.5.3.
ソ連の数学者。家庭が貧しかったので，4年制の小学校で初等教育を受ける。 14歳のとき爆発事故のため失明。以後，母のタチャーナが彼のために本を読んだり，ノートをつくったりしたという。 1925年，モスクワ大学入学。数学のあらゆる方面に興味を示し，なかでも位相幾何学に深い関心をもち，P. S.アレクサンドロフの指導を受ける。モスクワ大学卒業 (1929) ，モスクワ大学教授 (35) 。学生時代すでにアレクサンドロフの双対定理を精密化した論文を発表。その後，次元論，位相群論と研究を進め，これらの成果は歴史的名著『連続群論』 (38) にまとめられた。この本は 41年にスターリン賞を受けた。 30年代に入ると，常微分方程式の研究も始め，52年から振動論，自動制御理論のセミナーを主宰。 56年から始る自動制御の最適過程の研究のなかで，いわゆる「ポントリャーギンの最大値原理」を発見。 61年には，常微分方程式とその応用の研究によってレーニン賞を与えられた。

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