Kovno is a city in central Lithuania. It is the second largest city in the country after Vilnius, the capital. It is located about 90 km west-northwest of Vilnius, at the confluence of the Neman and Vilja (Neris) rivers. The commercial district is located in the lowlands along the Neman River, while the residential and government districts are located on the plateau. A cable car connects the two areas. A fortress was built in 1030, and the city was established in 1317. It was transferred to Poland in 1569, and to Russia in 1795 during the partitions of Poland. After Lithuania gained independence in 1918, the ancient capital Vilnius was occupied by Poland, and Kaunas became the capital of Lithuania until 1940. Industrial production is active in the fields of electrical equipment, electric motors, turbines, machine tools, heating equipment, woolen textiles, synthetic fibers, meat processing, paper, leather, furniture, and handicrafts. In addition to the castle ruins at the confluence of the rivers, the old town hall (16th century) and a cathedral are preserved, as well as universities for agriculture, medicine, engineering, and a military museum. In 1960, a dam and hydroelectric power station were built on the Neman River about 10 km upstream from the city. Population: 433,600 (1992 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
旧称コブノ Kovno。リトアニア中部の都市。首都ビリニュスに次ぐ同国第2の都市。ビリニュスの西北西約 90km,ネマン川とビリヤ (ネリス) 川の合流点にある。ネマン川沿いの低地に商業地区,台地上に住宅地区,官庁街があって,ケーブルカーがこの間を結ぶ。 1030年要塞がつくられたのが始りで,1317年市となった。 1569年にはポーランドへ,1795年にはポーランド分割によってロシアへ帰属した。 1918年リトアニアが独立したのち,古来の首都ビリニュスがポーランドに占領されたため,これに代って 40年までカウナスがリトアニアの首都となった。工業生産は,電気機器,電動機,タービン,工作機械,暖房機器,毛織物,化繊,食肉加工,製紙,皮革,家具,工芸品などの部門が盛ん。川の合流点に残る城跡のほか,古い市庁舎 (16世紀) や聖堂などが保存されており,農業,医科,工科などの大学,軍事博物館などがある。 60年に市の上流約 10kmのネマン川にダムと水力発電所が建設された。人口 43万 3600 (1992推計) 。
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