Francesco De Sanctis

Japanese: デ･サンクティス（英語表記）Francesco De Sanctis

1817‐83
Italian critic. Born in southern Italy under the Bourbon monarchy, he studied traditional grammar and rhetoric in Naples and became a teacher. In 1848, following the February Revolution in France, the Risorgimento movement, which aimed for liberation and unification throughout Italy, gained momentum, and he participated in the Naples uprising with his students. In 1850, he was arrested on charges of opposition to the system, and after two and a half years in prison, he fled to Turin, where he began lecturing on the Divine Comedy. In 1856, he became a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, where he taught Italian literature. In 1960, as Garibaldi's liberation of southern Italy progressed, he returned to Naples with enthusiasm and devoted himself to political activity. The following year, he was elected to the National Assembly of unified Italy and became Minister of Education. He maintained a passion for political reform throughout his life, but in 1965 he resumed his active critical work, publishing ``Critical Essays'' in 1966, ``On Petrarch'' in 1969, and his major work, the two-volume ``History of Italian Literature,'' from 1970 to 1971.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1817‐83
イタリアの批評家。ブルボン王政下の南イタリアに生まれ，ナポリで伝統的な文法･修辞学を修めて教職に就く。フランス二月革命を受けてイタリア全土に解放と統一を目ざすリソルジメント運動が高揚した1848年，学生とともにナポリ蜂起に参加。50年に反体制のかどで逮捕され，2年半に及ぶ獄中生活ののちトリノに亡命，同地で《神曲》講義を開始。56年，スイスのチューリヒ工科大学の教授に就任し，イタリア文学を講じた。60年，ガリバルディによる南イタリア解放が進むなか，勇躍ナポリへ帰って政治活動に没頭し，翌年，統一イタリアの国会議員に選出され，文部大臣に就任するなど，政治改革への情熱を終生燃やしつづける一方で，65年から旺盛な批評活動を再開し，66年に《批評論集》，69年に《ペトラルカ論》，70‐71年には主著《イタリア文学史》2巻を刊行。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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