The firstborn son of Adam and Eve, who appear in Genesis 4 in the Old Testament. Abel was his younger brother. Cain tilled the ground, and Abel kept sheep. When the two offered their harvest to God Yahweh, God was pleased only with Abel's offering. Cain was blameless, but God tested his reaction. "Sin lies in wait at the gate....you must rule over it." However, Cain hated Abel and killed him. This was the first murder in human history. The earth that had absorbed Abel's blood did not produce any fruit even when cultivated, and Cain was cursed and became a wanderer. Then God thought of another way to help Cain. He said that anyone who killed Cain would receive seven times the punishment. Thus, Cain left God's presence and lived in the land of Nod, east of the Garden of Eden, where he married a wife and had one son, Enoch. The background to this story is the conflict between settled agricultural dwellers and nomadic shepherds, and it can be assumed that the God of Israel placed high value on the latter lifestyle and its rituals. [Yutaka Ichikawa] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
『旧約聖書』の「創世記」4章に登場するアダムとエバ(イブ)の長子。アベルはその弟。カインは土を耕し、アベルは羊を飼った。2人が収穫物を神ヤーウェへ捧(ささ)げると、神はアベルの供え物だけを喜んだ。カインにおちどはないが、神はカインの反応を試したのである。「罪が門口に待ち伏せしている。……あなたはそれを治めねばなりません」。しかし、カインはアベルを憎み殺害した。人類最初の殺人事件である。その血を吸った大地は耕しても実らず、カインは呪(のろ)われて放浪の身となった。そのとき神は、カインを助ける別の手段を考えた。カインを殺す者は7倍の復讐(ふくしゅう)を受けるであろう、と。かくして、カインは神の前を去って、エデンの園の東にあるノドの地に住み、妻をめとって一子エノクをもうけた。この物語の背景には、農耕定住民と牧羊移動民との対立があり、イスラエルの神は、後者の生活様式とその祭儀に高い価値を与えたと考えることができよう。 [市川 裕] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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