Inspection of furrows - Sebikikemi

It is also called nedori inspection or tan inspection. It was one of the tax collection methods that was enacted during the Edo period, mainly before the Kyoho era (1716-36). The amount calculated by multiplying kokumori (standard yield per tan) determined by land surveys by men (tax rate) was called nedori, and this was used as the tax amount in normal years. However, in years of poor harvest, an actual inspection was carried out, the amount of poor harvest was converted into per tan, this was deducted by unebiki (subtraction) from the total tan, and the remaining per tan was then multiplied by men to determine the tax amount. This is called unebiki inspection.

This ridge inspection system was not capable of fully absorbing the increase in productivity, so as the policy of increasing tax collection during the Kyoho Reforms was developed, new tax collection methods were adopted, such as the Jomen method (a tax collection method that fixed the exemption rate for a certain period of time) and the Arige inspection method (a tax collection method that ignored the root collection, carried out reaping on each plot for the entire tan, and determined the tax amount based on the actual yield).

[Manabu Oishi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

根取(ねどり)検見、反取(たんどり)検見ともいう。江戸時代、主として享保(きょうほう)年間（1716～36）以前に施行されていた徴租法の一つ。検地によって決定された石盛(こくもり)（一反当りの標準収穫量）に免(めん)（年貢率）を乗じて算出された高を根取とよび、これを平年作の際の年貢高とした。しかし、不作の年には、実際に検見坪刈(つぼがり)を行い、不作分を反別に換算し、これを総反別より畝引（控除）したのち、残りの反別に免を乗じて年貢高を決定するという方法がとられた。これを畝引検見という。

　この畝引検見は、生産力の上昇分を十分吸収できるものではなかったため、享保の改革の年貢増徴政策の展開のなかで、定免(じょうめん)法（一定期間免率を固定化する徴租法）や有毛(ありげ)検見法（根取を無視し、全反別について一筆ごとの坪刈を行い、実際の出来高を基に年貢高を決める徴租法）などの新しい徴租法が採用されるようになっていった。

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