The Travels of Marco Polo

Japanese: 東方見聞録 - とうほうけんぶんろく
The Travels of Marco Polo

A travelogue written by Rustichello about the experiences of the Italian Venetian merchant Marco Polo during his trip to the East (1271-95). Its official title is Description of the World. Marco Polo traveled through Asia Minor, Iran, Pamir, East Turkestan, Gansu, Chang'an (Xian), crossed the northern border of China, met Kublai Khan in Shangdu (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), and continued to serve the Yuan Dynasty. He then traveled widely throughout China, from Hebei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan to Yunnan, and further to Shandong, Zhejiang, and Fujian, and from Zaitun (Quanzhou) in Fujian, he passed through Indochina, Java, Malaya, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and Malabar in India, before reaching Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. In addition to the manners and customs of the areas he traveled, the book also describes the affairs of the Yuan Dynasty court, which are not found in Chinese records, and it also introduced Japan to Europe for the first time under the name of Chipangu, a land of gold. The book's contents were so unusual that it was initially hard to believe, but as more Europeans traveled to Asia, the accuracy of the book's articles became known. This led to Columbus' discovery of America, and Hedin and Stein kept the book by their side during their Central Asian explorations. Rustichello's original was quickly lost, but many texts were created based on it, with embellishments, additions, and deletions, and after many changes, the various texts we know today have been passed down. These variant versions have been collated and published by Moule and Pelliot.

[Masao Mamoru]

"The Travels of Marco Polo, translated and annotated by Atago Matsuo, two volumes (Heibonsha, Toyo Bunko)"

[References] | Marco Polo

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリア、ベネチアの商人マルコ・ポーロの行った東方旅行(1271~95)の体験談を、物語作者ルスティケロが記録した旅行記。正式の名前は『世界の叙述』Description of the world。マルコ・ポーロは、小アジア、イラン、パミール、東トルキスタン、甘粛(かんしゅく)、長安(西安)を経て中国北辺を横断し、上都(じょうと)(内モンゴル自治区)でフビライ・ハンに会って、そのまま元朝に仕えた。その後、河北、陝西(せんせい)、四川(しせん)から雲南へ、さらに山東、浙江(せっこう)、福建へと、広く中国各地を旅行し、福建のザイトン(泉州)からインドシナ、ジャワ、マレー、セイロン(スリランカ)、インドのマラバルなどを経由して、ペルシア湾のホルムズに達した。旅行地域の風俗、慣習のほかに、中国人の記録にはみられない元朝の宮廷内の事情が記されており、また、日本を黄金の国としてチパングChipanguの名で初めてヨーロッパに紹介した。その内容があまりにももの珍しいため、初めは信じられなかったが、そののち、多くのヨーロッパ人がアジアへ旅行するにつれて、この書の記事の正確さが知られるに至った。これはコロンブスのアメリカ発見の機縁となり、またヘディンやスタインは、その中央アジア探検に、この書を座右から離したことがなかった。ルスティケロの原本は早く散逸したが、それを基にして潤色、加筆、または削除した多くのテキストができ、そののち幾多の変遷を経て、今日の諸テキストが伝来した。これらの異本は、ムールとペリオとの共編によって校合(きょうごう)のうえ出版されている。

[護 雅夫]

『愛宕松男訳・注『東方見聞録』全二冊(平凡社・東洋文庫)』

[参照項目] | マルコ・ポーロ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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