In 1813, following the failure of Napoleon I's Moscow campaign, the nations under his military rule rose up in unison, led by Prussia, and destroyed his system of continental domination. It is also called the Freiheitskrieg (War of Freedom). In March, Prussia declared war on France in alliance with Russia, Sweden joined the war in the same month, Britain in June, and Austria in August. In October, the Kingdom of Westphalia was dissolved by a popular uprising, and Bavaria withdrew from the Confederation of the Rhine and joined the war. The decisive battle of Leipzig in the same month (sometimes referred to as the War of Liberation alone) was won by the allied forces, Napoleon retreated to his own country, and the Confederation of the Rhine was also dissolved. In March of the following year, the allied forces attacked Paris, and Napoleon was forced to declare his abdication and retire to the island of Elba, and his empire also collapsed. [Katsuyo Okazaki] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ナポレオン1世のモスクワ遠征の失敗を機に、1813年、その軍事支配下にあった諸国民がプロイセンを先頭に一斉に蜂起(ほうき)して、彼の大陸支配体制を崩壊させた戦争。自由戦争Freiheitskriegともいう。3月プロイセンがロシアと同盟してフランスに宣戦し、同月スウェーデン、6月イギリス、8月にはオーストリアが参戦した。10月には民衆蜂起によりウェストファリア王国が解体し、バイエルンがライン同盟を脱退して参戦した。同月行われた決戦のライプツィヒの戦い(この戦いだけを解放戦争ということもある)は同盟軍が勝利を収め、ナポレオンは国内に退き、ライン同盟も解体した。翌年3月、同盟軍にパリを攻撃されたナポレオンは、退位の宣言とエルバ島への隠棲(いんせい)をやむなくされ、その帝政も崩壊した。 [岡崎勝世] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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