Weather Control - Weather Control

Japanese: 気象制御 - きしょうせいぎょ
Weather Control - Weather Control

Artificial weather control. Small-scale weather control has been practiced since ancient times, such as building windbreaks to block the wind and burning smoke at night to prevent early morning frost. Medium- and large-scale weather control includes methods to remove fog from airport runways, prevent hail from falling on vineyards, artificial rain (snow) to increase irrigation water and drinking water, and typhoon control to change the course of typhoons and weaken their strength.

Weather control technology developed rapidly in 1946, when American meteorologists discovered that minute crystals of silver iodide could be the core of ice crystals, and then succeeded in an experiment of making it rain by scattering pieces of dry ice and silver iodide smoke on clouds from an airplane. This method is called "seeding." This method is mainly used for the large-scale weather control mentioned above. There is also a method of burning a large amount of fuel to heat the air and clear the fog to remove fog from airport runways, but the method currently in practical use is silver iodide seeding, which is used at airports in high latitudes in the United States and Europe. As for hail prevention, a method of filling rockets or anti-aircraft shells with silver iodide seeds and firing them to explode in targeted clouds to sow seeds was used especially in the southern part of the former Soviet Union. In addition to sowing seeds from airplanes, artificial rain can also be created by creating smoke on the ground and then sowing silver iodide seeds in the clouds using rising air currents. Various attempts have been made around the world, and in Japan it is being used in practice to increase the water level of reservoirs, for example. Typhoon control involves sowing a large amount of seeds from above the center of a typhoon using a large airplane, which then develops the clouds around the center, thereby controlling the typhoon. Research was conducted on American hurricanes. However, after the 1970s, as the issue of environmental destruction on Earth became a global topic of discussion, it was feared that weather control could destroy the atmosphere, which is the Earth's environment most closely related to life, and since then most weather control plans have been discontinued.

[Masaji Ohta and Hiroshi Matano]

[Reference] | Artificial rain | Windbreaks | Silver iodide

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人工的に気象を制御すること。防風林をつくって風当たりを防いだり、夜間に煙をたいて早朝の霜を防ぐことなどは古くから行われてきた小規模の気象制御である。中・大規模な気象制御としては空港の滑走路の霧を除く法、ブドウ畑に降る雹(ひょう)を防ぐ法、灌漑(かんがい)用水や飲料水などを増やすための人工降雨(雪)、台風の進路を変え、その勢力を弱める台風制御などがある。

 気象制御の技術が急速に発展したのは、1946年にアメリカの気象学者らがヨウ化銀の微細な結晶が氷晶の芯(しん)になりうることを発見し、ついでドライアイスの細片やヨウ化銀の煙を飛行機で雲の上にまいて雨を降らせる実験に成功してからである。このような方法を「種まき」という。前記の大規模な気象制御に用いられる方法はおもにこの種まき法である。空港の滑走路の霧を除くために多量の燃料を燃やして空気を熱し霧を晴らす方法もあるが、現在実用化されているのはヨウ化銀の種まきであって、アメリカやヨーロッパの高緯度地方の空港で採用されている。防雹法については、ロケット弾や高射砲弾の中にヨウ化銀などの種を詰めて発射し、目星をつけた雲の中で爆発させて種をまく方法がとくに旧ソ連南部の地域で使用されていた。人工降雨には飛行機で種まきをするほか、地上で発煙し上昇気流に乗せて雲の中にヨウ化銀の種をまこうとする方法がある。世界各国がいろいろ試みているなかで、日本でも貯水池の水位を増加させるためなどに実地に用いられている。台風制御は大型航空機で台風の中心付近の上空から多量の種をまき、中心付近の雲を発達させることにより制御に結び付ける方法で、アメリカのハリケーンを対象に研究が進められた。しかし、1970年代以後、地球の環境破壊の問題が世界的に論議されるようになると、生命にもっとも関係の深い地球環境である大気が気象制御によって破壊されるおそれがあるとされ、以来、気象制御の計画はほとんど中止されている。

[大田正次・股野宏志]

[参照項目] | 人工降雨 | 防風林 | ヨウ化銀

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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